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| Biology
Major's Paradigm | | Biology
Major's Checksheet |
| Biomedical
Sciences Paradigm | | Biomedical
Sciences Checksheet |
| Biology
Dept | | Biology
Course Syllabi |
BIOL 103. BIOLOGY
OF ADDICTION (formerly Alcoholism and Drug Use).
In this course, we will cover the biological
effects of alcohol and drugs on human organ systems, particularly the nervous,
digestive, excretory and reproductive systems. We will discuss the
psychological and sociological consequences of these effects. The
use of drugs in both therapeutic and pathologic situations will be explored,
and modalities of recovery will be discussed. With
the laboratory component, this course fulfills university graduation requirements
for a science course. Corequisite: BIOL 103L. Offered
in the Spring semester. Professor: Dr. Stan Eisen. One
semester; three credits.
BIOL 103L:
BIOLOGY OF ADDICTION LABORATORY (Same as NSCI 193L)
In this course,
we will examine the anatomy and physiology of organ systems affected by
alcohol and other psychoactive drugs of abuse. We will use fruit
flies as a model to determine the effects of alcohol on their physiology
and reproductive success. We will conduct two experiments on human
volunteers: Effects of caffeine on the cardiovascular system; and the effects
of ethanol on balance, equilibrium, and judgement.
With the laboratory component, this course fulfills university graduation
requirements for a science course. Offered in the Spring semester.
Professor: Dr. Stan Eisen
Prerequisite
or Corequisite: BIOL 103. One semester; one credit, |
BIOL 107. ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOLOGY.
An interdisciplinary approach to the study
of the environment. The course provides the scientific basis for understanding
how environmental systems work. Topics include discussion of the economic
impact and consequences of the disruptions of natural systems; the importance
of public policy; and how environmental issues are linked to our everyday
life. Designed for non-majors. Corequisite:
BIOL 107L. Offered in the Fall semester. Professor: Bro. Edward
Salgado, Dr. Stan Eisen, or Dr. Sandra Thompson-Jaeger
One
semester; three credits.
BIOL 107L. ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOLOGY LABORATORY.
A combination of laboratory experiences
and field trips to illustrate the principles covered in BIOL 107.
Visits to sewage treatment plant, pest control center, land fill, and forests
will be scheduled when possible. Prerequisite
or Corequisite: BIOL 107. Offered in the Fall Semester. One semester; one
credit. |
BIOL 109. HUMAN
BIOLOGY.
A systematic study of the developmental
structure and function of the human organism, including the anatomy and
physiology of each organ system, and common problems that may occur in
each. Genetics, evolution, and ecology are also studied. Designed
for non-majors. Corequisite: BIOL 109L. Offered in Fall semester and Evening
Program.
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 109L. HUMAN
BIOLOGY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 109. Prerequisite
or Corequisite: BIOL 109.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 111. PRINCIPLES
OF BIOLOGY I.
The first half of a comprehensive study
of contemporary biology, this semester covers biochemistry, cytology, photosynthesis,
energy metabolism, cell division, development, genetics, evolution, systematics
and taxonomy of viruses, monerans, protists, and plant diversity. Includes
three lectures and one discussion session per week. Corequisites:
BIOL 111L and CHEM 101 or higher. Offered in both Fall and Spring
semesters.
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 111L. PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY I LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 111. Prerequisite
or corequisite: BIOL 111.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 112. PRINCIPLES
OF BIOLOGY II.
Continuation of BIOL 111, this semester
covers systematics and taxonomy of fungi and animals, anatomy and physiology
of eukaryotic organisms, embryology, and ecology. Includes three lectures
and one discussion session per week. Prerequisite:
BIOL 111. Corequisite: BIOL 112L. Offered in the Spring semester and usually
in Summer Term II.
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 112L. PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY II LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 112. Prerequisite
BIOL 111L. Corequisite: and BIOL 112.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 211. VERTEBRATE
EMBRYOLOGY.
A study of human embryology with emphasis
on the fundamental development processes common to vertebrate embryos.
Topics include gametogenesis, fertilization, and development of the embryo
from zygote through the differentiation of the neural tube. The second
half of the course is devoted to the development of selected human organ
systems including the nervous system, sense organs, and the cardiovascular,
digestive, respiratory, and urogenital systems. Prerequisite:
Grades of "C" or better in BIOL 111 and 112. Corequisite: BIOL 211L. Offered
in the Fall semester. Professor: Dr. Anna Ross
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 211L. VERTEBRATE
EMBRYOLOGY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 211. Histological, preserved, and
selected living materials are studied to illustrate gametogenesis, fertilization,
and development of the vertebrate embryo from zygote through the differentiation
of organ systems in amphibian, avian, and mammalian embryos. Prerequisite
or Corequisite: BIOL 211.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 212. COMPARATIVE
VERTEBRATE ANATOMY.
A study of the structural and functional
evolution of selected organ systems in representative vertebrates. The
first part of the course reviews the phylogenetic relationships among the
vertebrates. In the remainder of the course, structures and their organizations
are interpreted in terms of their embryological development, phylogeny,
and functional adaptations. Prerequisite:
Grades of "C" or better in BIOL 111 and 112. Corequisite: BIOL 212L.
Offered in the Spring semester. Professor: Dr. Anna Ross
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 212L. COMPARATIVE
VERTEBRATE ANATOMY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 212. Dissection of preserved representative
specimens including shark, amphibian, and cat is required. Prerequisite
or Corequisite: BIOL 212.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 216. BOTANY.
A comprehensive study of the principles
of botany. Recent knowledge of plant physiology, genetics, and anatomy
are discussed. Topics on plant distribution, ecology and evolution, as
well as a review of the major groups of plants and their life cycles are
included. Prerequisite: BIOL 112.
Corequisite: BIOL 216L. Offered in even numbered Spring semesters.
Professor: Bro. Edward Salgado
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 216L. BOTANY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate the
principles of plant physiology, anatomy and ecology. The course includes
field trips and data gathering at a variety of forest communities. Prerequisite
or corequisite: BIOL 216. One semester; one credit |
BIOL 217. ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY I.
The first half of a study of the various
levels of organization of the human body. The first semester covers cells,
cell metabolism, tissues and the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous,
sensory, and endocrine systems. Prerequisites:
Grades of "C" or better in BIOL 111 and 112, CHEM 113. Corequisite:
BIOL 217L. Offered in the Fall semester. Professor: Dr. Anna
Ross
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 217L. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 217. Dissection of a preserved mammalian
specimen is required. Prerequisite
or corequisite: BIOL 217. One semester; one credit |
BIOL 218. ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY II.
A continuation of BIOL 217, this semester
covers the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, respiratory, urinary and
reproductive systems. Students will be responsible for a nominal fee to
cover the required CPR course. Prerequisites:
BIOL 217 and CHEM 113. Corequisite: BIOL 218L. Offered in the Spring semester.
Professor Dr. Anna Ross
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 218L. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 2l8. Dissection of a preserved mammalian
specimen is required. Prerequisite
or corequisite: BIOL 218. One semester; one credit |
BIOL 236. NUTRITION.
The basic principles of nutrition are
studied with particular emphasis on their applications to human health
and development. This course includes a study of the essential nutrients;
current and past U.S. dietary trends; relationship of RDA's and diets to
health disease and the leading causes of death; changes in individual nutrient
requirements based on factors such as age, gender, heredity, environment,
etc.; governmental legislation regarding food labels, processing additives,
contaminants, preservatives, and dietary guidelines; and a personal assessment
of one's own eating habits, requirements and potential health problems.
Outside reading materials related to current nutritional "trends" will
be assigned. Prerequisite:
BIOL 112. Offered in even-numbered Fall semesters. Professor: Dr.
Sandra Thompson-Jaeger.
One
semester; three credits |
BIOL 240. INTRODUCTION
TO BIOINFORMATICS. (Same as CS 240)
The course considers introductory topics
in bioinformatics. Topics include the structure of DNA, string representation
in PERL, data searches, pairwise alignments, substitution patterns, protein
structure prediction and modeling, proteomics and the use of web-based
tools for topics in bioinformatics. Offered in the spring semester of even
numbered years. (Same as CS 240) Prerequisite: BIOL
111.
One semester; three credits |
BIOL 246. EVOLUTION.
Investigation of the evidence, proponents
and theories of organic evolution, with emphasis on modern contributions
to the understanding of speciation. Prerequisite:
BIOL 112. Offered in odd numbered Spring Semesters. Professor:
Bro. Edward Salgado
One
semester; three credits |
BIOL 275. BIOLOGICAL
CAREER CHOICES.
Student will visit working biologists
and explore a variety of career choices in the biological sciences. The
actual choices will be tailored to the interests of the students and availability
of local veterinarians, researchers, wildlife biologists, physicians and
allied health professionals.
Offered in the Spring semester. Prerequisite:
Sophomore standing.
Pass/Fail Grading. Professor: Dr. Malinda
Fitzgerald
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 311. GENETICS.
A study of the structure and function
of nucleic acids in viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Basic concepts,
principles, and applications of classical, molecular, and population genetics.
Topics in clinical, agricultural, developmental, behavioral, and immunogenetics.
Prerequisites:
BIOL 112 and a grade of "C" or better in CHEM 212. Corequisite: BIOL 311L.
Offered in the Fall semester. Professor: Dr. Sandra Thompson-Jaeger
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 311L. GENETICS LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 311. Prerequisite
or Corequisite: BIOL 311.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 312. VERTEBRATE
PHYSIOLOGY.
A study of the biochemical and biophysical
mechanism underlying vertebrate, especially human, function at all levels.
Emphasis is placed on the role of membranes, nerves, and hormones in maintaining
homeostasis. Students will be required to participate in a trip to
the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory for one weekend in March or April. Prerequisite:
CHEM 211; Recommended: PHYS 201. Corequisite: BIOL 312L. Offered
in the Spring semester (Fall semester starting 2007). Professor:
Dr. Malinda Fitzgerald
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 312L. VERTEBRATE PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 312. Prerequisite
or Corequisite: BIOL 312.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 321. MICROBIOLOGY.
A study of microbial biochemistry, molecular
biology, morphology, physiology, metabolism, growth and growth control,
taxonomy, diversity, genetics, evolution, ecology and immunology with emphasis
on bacteria and viruses. Topics in medical, veterinary, food, industrial,
and environmental microbiology. Prerequisites:
BIOL 112 Principles of Biology II, CHEM 211 Organic Chemistry I, and Junior
or Senior standing. Corequisite: BIOL 321L. Offered in the
Spring semester. Professor: Dr. Sandra Thompson-Jaeger
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 321L. MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 321. Corequisite:
BIOL 321. Offered in the Spring semester.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 335. INVERTEBRATE
ZOOLOGY.
Taxonomy, ecology, evolution, morphology,
and physiology of invertebrate phyla.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 112 and Junior or Senior status. Corequisite: BIOL 335L. Offered in
even numbered Fall Semesters. (Alternates with Parasitology.)
Professor: Dr. Stan Eisen
One
semester: three credits
BIOL 335L. INVERTEBRATE
ZOOLOGY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles in BIOL 335. Students are required to participate
in the Gulf Coast field trip. Prerequisite
or Corequisite: BIOL 335.
One
semester: one credit |
BIOL 362. BIOLOGY
SEMINAR.
Seminar series in which research scientists
are invited to discuss their current research. Students are expected to
submit a research proposal which they will use as the basis for their mandatory
senior research project. Required
of Junior Biology majors. Prerequisite: BIOL 275, Junior standing,
and minimum GPA 2.0. Offered in the Spring semester.
Professor: Dr. Mary Ogilvie
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 367. PHARMACOLOGY.
An introduction to the structure, mechanisms,
pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic uses and adverse reactions
of prototypic agents from the major categories of drugs. Prerequisite:
CHEM 212, BIOL 217 and 218 or BIOL 312. Offered in odd numbered Fall
semesters. Professor: Dr. Sandra Thompson-Jaeger
One
semester; three credits |
BIOL 381. ANIMAL
BEHAVIOR.
The study of the mechanisms and evolution
of animal behavior. Topics include methods for the observation and quantification
of the behavior, natural selection and evolution of behavior, behavior
genetics, neural and physiological mechanisms of behavior, communication,
aggression, sexual reproduction, mating systems, and interspecific behavioral
interactions. Prerequisites: BIOL
111, 112, and 4 additional hours in Biology. Offered in even numbered Spring
semesters. Professor: Dr. Anna Ross
One
semester; three credits |
BIOL 412. GENERAL
ECOLOGY.
Study of the principles of ecology. Topics
to be studied include population organization, demographics and regulation,
community and ecosystem structure, coactions and change; abiotic factors,
cycles of matter, energy flow and characteristics of biomes. Prerequisites:
BIOL 112, CHEM 212, and Junior or Senior standing. Offered in even numbered
Fall semesters. Professor: Bro. Edward Salgado
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 412L. GENERAL ECOLOGY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 412. The course includes data gathering
in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and field trips to ecologically
important urban sites. Students are required to participate in the Gulf
Coast field trip. Prerequisite
or Corequisite: BIOL 412.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 413. PARASITOLOGY.
A study of the morphology, taxonomy, life
cycle, distribution, economic importance and control of parasites of man
and other animals. Prerequisites:
BIOL 112 and Junior or Senior standing. Corequisite: BIOL 413L. (Alternates
with Invertebrate Zoology.) Offered in odd numbered Fall semesters.
Professor: Dr. Stan Eisen
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 413L. PARASITOLOGY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 413. Students conduct surveys to
study the distribution of parasites and conduct long-term studies on the
pathology of parasitic infection.
Prerequisite or Corequisite: BIOL 413.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 414. ANIMAL
HISTOLOGY.
A study of the microscopic and ultramicroscopic
structure of vertebrate (primarily mammalian) tissues and organs, i.e.,
microscopic anatomy. Special emphasis is placed on the relation of structure
to function. Prerequisites: BIOL
111 and 112, four additional hours in Biology, and Junior or Senior standing;
Corequisite: BIOL 414L. Offered in odd numbered Spring semesters.
Professor: Dr. Anna Ross
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 414L. ANIMAL HISTOLOGY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 414. Corequisite:
BIOL 414.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 415. IMMUNOLOGY.
The study of antigens, antibodies, organs
and cells involved in humoral and cell-mediated immunity; immunologic techniques
are discussed as well as autoimmunity and AIDS. Prerequisites:
BIOL 112 and CHEM 212. Recommended: BIOL 311. Corequisite:
BIOL 415L. Offered in the Fall semester. Professor: Dr. Mary Ogilvie
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 415L. IMMUNOLOGY
LABORATORY.
Laboratory experience to illustrate and
explain the principles covered in BIOL 415. Prerequisite
or Corequisite: BIOL 415.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 421. CELL/MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY.
A study of eukaryotic cell structures
and functions. Special emphasis is placed on the role that biomolecules
such as proteins and nucleic acids play in the molecular biology of metabolic
regulation. The clinical and molecular nature of cancer is also discussed.
Prerequisites:
BIOL 112 and CHEM 212. Recommended: BIOL 311. Offered in the Spring semester.
Professor: Dr. Mary Ogilvie
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 421L. CELL/MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY LABORATORY.
Laboratory experiences will demonstrate
the concepts covered in BIOL 421. Experiments will employ techniques such
as PCR, bacterial transformation, amplification and restriction mapping
of plasmid DNA, western blotting and affinity chromatography. Corequisite:
BIOL 421.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 451. NEUROSCIENCE
This course will investigate the field
of neuroscience with emphasis on the neuroanatomy of the mammalian brain.
Also contained within this course will be the study of neurophysiology
and neuropharmacology using both vertebrate and invertebrate central and
peripheral nervous systems. Prerequisite:
Junior or Senior standing. BIOL 312 and CHEM 312 are recommended.
Corequisite: BIOL 451L. Offered in the Fall semester (Spring semester starting
2008). Professor: Dr. Malinda Fitzgerald
One
semester; three credits
BIOL 451L. NEUROSCIENCE LABORATORY.
This laboratory is designed to complement
the Neuroscience lecture course. Neuroanatomy will be taught at both the
gross and microscopic level. Experiments and demonstrations will be used
to study neurophysiology and neuropharmacology concepts. Corequisite:
BIOL 451.
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 461. INDEPENDENT
RESEARCH I.
Under the guidance of a faculty member,
senior students design and conduct an organized research project usually
requiring 100-150 in-lab hours. Course emphases include experimental design,
controls, analysis of results, use of professional literature, and the
writing of a draft of a journal-quality paper. Prerequisites:
BIOL 275, 362, permission of the Chair or Course Director, and Senior standing.
Offered in the fall semester if needed. Professor: Dr. Malinda Fitzgerald
One
semester; one credit
BIOL 462. INDEPENDENT RESEARCH II.
A continuation of BIOL 461, the students
prepare to present their results in three forms - a final paper, an oral
presentation at a public forum, and a poster session on campus. Prerequisite:
BIOL 461 and Senior standing. Offered in the Spring semester. Professor:
Dr. Malinda Fitzgerald
One
semester; one credit |
BIOL 463. MENTORED RESEARCH
I.
Research projects are conducted under
the guidance of a practicing researcher, generally off campus, but under
some circumstances mentored research may be conducted at CBU. Research
is performed during the summer preceding the senior year. Mentored
research I usually requires 200-300 in-lab hours. Students are required
to attend group discussions and participate in tutorial meetings or correspondence
with the course director. Students normally register for Mentored Research
I during one of the summer terms. Students unable to begin their research
during the summer will need permission of the course director to register
for Mentored Research I and II concurrently during the Fall semester. Students
are required to take the ETS Biology II exam as a requirement for graduation.
Prerequisites:
BIOL 362, Senior standing, and permission of the instructor. Offered
in the Summer and Fall semesters. Professor: Dr. Malinda Fitzgerald
One
semester; one credit
BIOL 464. MENTORED RESEARCH
II.
This course is a continuation of Mentored
Research I. During this course the students will meet weekly to discuss
their research results and analyze their data. Project results will be
presented in a formal paper by the end of the Fall semester. Prerequisite
or corequisite: BIOL 463. Offered in the Fall semester. Professor:
Dr. Malinda Fitzgerald
One
semester; two credits
BIOL 465. MENTORED RESEARCH III.
During this course the students will present
the results of their work in a public forum as an oral paper and in a poster
session on campus. Prerequisite:
BIOL 464. Offered in the Spring semester. Professor: Dr. Malinda
Fitzgerald
One
semester; two credits. |
BIOL 490-495. SPECIAL
TOPICS IN BIOLOGY.
Selected topics of interest. Prerequisite:
permission of instructor.
One
semester; one to four credits |
BIOL 490. SPECIAL
TOPICS: PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY
A basic introduction to the general principles
of toxicology and their application to clinical toxicology and pharmacology.
Topics include toxicology history, classification, pharmacokinetics, biotransformation
reactions and toxic response. Toxic agents are discussed in relation to:
skin and mucous membranes, blood, cardiovascular system, liver function,
kidney function, cell metabolism, locomotory system and skeleton, central
nervous system and autonomic nervous system. Consideration of specific
toxic and therapeutic agents will include discussions of exposure, pharmacokinetics
and mode of action. Prerequisite:
BIOL 112 and CHEM 212. Occasionally offered in the Summer (most recently
in Summer 2000; not currently scheduled).
One
semester; three credits. |
BIOL 492. SPECIAL TOPICS
IN BIOLOGY: THE INTEGRATED IMMUNE SYSTEM.
This course focuses on recent advances
in our understanding of how the innate immune system controls the initiation,
and shapes the nature of the adaptive immune system, in response to various
types of infectious pathogens. Prerequisites:
Chem 211-212 (Organic Chemistry) and Biol 415 (Immunology) or permission
of instructor. Occasionally offered in the Summer (Summer 2001 June
Day Term. Professor: Dr. Bill Walker, Dept. of Immunology,
St. Jude Research Hospital).
One
semester; three credits |
BIOL 494. SPECIAL TOPICS
IN BIOLOGY: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
These lectures are designed for students
interested in the basic science of cancer primarily on the molecular level;
selected topics in molecular science associated with oncology will be discussed
including review of the physiology and biochemistry of DNA (gene expression
associated with cell growth); epidemiology of cancer; carcinogenesis (chemical,
radiation and virus); proto-oncogenes and oncogenes (activation); tumor
suppressor genes (inactivation); growth signaling pathways in cancer; stem
cells, hematopoesis and leukemia; endocrinology and cancer; immunology
of cancer; cytokine and cancer; chromosome and cancer; molecular pharmacology
of cancer chemotherapy. Prerequisites:
Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physiology. Occasionally offered
in the Summer (Summer 2003 June Day Term. Professor: Dr. Augustinus
Rinaldy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY and Max Planck Institute,
Freiburg, Germany).
One
semester; three credits |
BIOL 495
INTRODUCTION TO BIOINFORMATICS
The course discusses elementary topics
in bioinformatics. Topics include the basics of molecular genetics,
the biological aspects of bioinformatics, data searches, algorithms for
pairwise alignments, and substitution patterns. The course will include
lectures by professionals who use bioinformatics in their research.
Students will use web-based tools for topics in bioinformatics. Prerequisite:
Sophomore, Junior, or Senior standing. Offered as needed (Spring 2004).
Professors: Dr. Eisen and Dr. Yanushka.
One semester; one credit.
Bioinformatics
at CBU What
is Bioinformatics? OK,
but what IS it? And, here's an illustrated
explanation of bioinformatics.
Bioinformatics(open
access BMC journal)
Tentative
Course Schedule Spring 2004
|
BIOL 499. SENIOR COMPREHENSIVES
First semester seniors are required to
take a comprehensive examination on selected fields of biology (ETS Major
Field Test in Biology). A passing score is required for graduation.
Offered in the Fall semester. One semester; zero credit |
| Minor in Biology:
A minor in Biology requires BIOL 111 and BIOL
112 (with labs) plus 15 hours in BIOL courses numbered 200 or above
including 7 hours in BIOL courses numbered 300 or above15 hours in BIOL
courses numbered 200 or above and earned at CBU. |
|
