Biol 218 -- Human Anatomy and Physiology II and Lab
Spring 2008 -- Course Home Page
A&P II Course Information -- Spring 2007
  • A&P II Syllabus for 2008 (MSWord to download) 
  • A&P Laboratory  2:00–5:20 p.m. in S216 Wed. (Dr. Ross) or Thurs. (Dr. Sauser ksauser@cbu.edu)
  • A&P Lecture M, W, F at 11:00-11:55 a.m. in S153.  Dr. Ross
  • A&P Course Resources are available to CBU students on \\valhalla\biology.
  • Enrolled students can see quiz and exam scores using WebCT6. (How to use WebCT)
    		•
  • Dr. Anna E. Ross, Professor of Biology. (CBU's A&P course director, member of HAPS)
  • Dr. Ross's Home Page: http://www.cbu.edu/~aross 
  • Office: S203G      Office Phone: 321-3436   email: aross@cbu.edu
  • Spring Semester Office hours: Monday, Thurs., & Fri. 2:00–5:30.

    •             Additional times by appointment (use the posted schedule).
    WebCT6
    A&P II Links and information for Lecture & Lab Topics
    Contents Arranged By Lab Session
    Web resources covering several topics
    Lecture Unit 1:
         Lab 1. Blood and Hematology
         Lab 1. Hematology and Blood Pressure
         Lab 2. Cardiac Anatomy and Function
         Lab 3. Vascular Anatomy, part 1
    Lecture Units 1 & 2:
         Lab 4. Vascular Anatomy, Lymphatic Sys.
    Lecture Unit 2:
         Lab 5. Digestive System
         Lab 5. Hydrolysis
    Lab 6. Midterm Lab Exam    		 Lecture Unit 3:
         Lab 7. Respiratory System
         Lab 8. Respiratory Function
         Lab 9. Anatomy of the Urinary System
    Lecture Units 3 & 4:
         Lab 10. Urine Composition and Tests
    Lecture Unit 4:
         Lab 11. Reproductive Anatomy
    Lecture Unit 5:
         Lab 12. Human Development
        Genetics Examples (Lecture Unit 5)
    Lecture slides, lab images, and other course resources are available to CBU students on \\valhalla\biology.
    Web Resources Covering Several A&P II Course Topics
  • View streaming videos of surgical procedures (Discovery Health)
  • Human anatomy Plastinated specimens 

    • (U. Singapore) Specimen Group 2
  • Human Anatomy Dissector online (cadaver photos)
  • Dr. Jensen's Practice Lab Exams
  • Physiology Tutorials from Dr. Browne at Alverno
  • RN Magazine Web Site
  • Medicine for the Public NIH Lecture Series
  • Life Sciences Dictionary
  • Anatomy Atlases  (formerly Virtual Hospital)
  • Hardin MD U Iowa (metadirectory of info on diseases)
  • Models of Human Anatomy:  Photos with pop-up labels
  • Medical Encyclopedia (MSN, WebMD)
  • MedLine Plus  (health information from NIH)
  • Health and Disease Information from the Mayo Clinic
  • Links to tutorials and other web resources for A&P II topics (Univ. of Houston)
  • On line practice A&P MC quizzes
  • A&P Pronunciation Guide  (Palomar College)
  • Basic Cross-Sectional Anatomy and Imaging of 

    • the Abdomen & Thorax  (U. of Auckland)
  • Gross Anatomy images, labeled (U. Arkansas)
  • Merck Source: Health info. plus ADAM encyclopedia,

    • Dorland's medical dictionary, Merck Manual.
  • Anatomy Games (U. Minnesota)
  • Gray's Anatomy (1918) online
  • Anatomy drill and practice (Wiley)Good ch. by ch. resource for the entire course.
    		•
    "There are two names for everything in anatomy, except... dramatic pause... when there are three or more." Dr. Terry Meehan
    "You cannot be a great anatomist, unless you know 87 different names for the same damn thing!" Dr. Roberta Meehan

    A&P II Laboratory Schedule -- Spring 2008
    Note:  Because of construction, the Spring 2008 A&P Lab schedule is compressed.

    2008 Dates
    Lab #
    		 Weekly Laboratory   (2:00 p.m. Wed. or Thurs. in 216)
    Benson Exercise and other materials    		 Text (Hole) Topic 
    and Chapter
    Jan 9 Wed.
    or
    Jan 10 Thurs.
    [1]
    		 Ex. 52-55, 57. Blood and Hematology.
    Video and hands-on. Differential WBC Count: "Never Let Mom (or men) Eat Beans" 
    and, for the approximate relative abundance, "60, 30, 6, 3, 1." 
       Neutrophils >60% 
        Lymphocytes 30% 
        Monocytes 6% 
        Eosinophils 3% 
        Basophils <1%    		 Blood -- 14

    Jan 9 Wed.
    or
    Jan 10 Thurs.
    [1]
    		 Ex. 52-55, 57, 64.  Hematology and Blood Pressure.  Blood tests continued, plus blood pressure exercises. Blood -- 14
    Jan 16 Wed.
    or
    Jan 17 Thurs.
     
     
     
     
     

    ECG in A&P Lab 2006
     
     

    ECG in A&P Lab 2006
     

    CPR for A&P (March 2006)

    [2]
    		 Ex. 58-59, 61-65  Cardiac Anatomy and Function. Dissection, video, Biopac, ADAM

    LAB QUIZ 1 on last week's lab will be administered at the start of lab.

    "Learn by Heart."   The ancient Greeks believed that the heart, the most noticeable internal organ, was the seat of intelligence and memory as well as emotion.  This belief was passed on down the ages and became the basis for the English expression "learn by heart," which is used by Chaucer (1374) and must have been proverbial long before that.  "To record" reminds again of this ancient belief in the heart as the seat of the mind.  When writing wasn't a simple act, things had to be memorized; thus we have the word record, formed from the Latin re, "again," and cor, "heart," which means exactly the same as to learn by heart. [Source:  :LWW.com]
    ECG in A&P Lab Spring 2006ECG in A&P Lab 2006    		 Cardiovascular 
    System -- 15
    Jan 23 Wed.
    or
    Jan 24 Thurs.
    [3]
    		 Ex. 67-69 Vascular Anatomy, Lymphatic Sys. (1st session)  Dissection, Videos, ADAM 

    LAB QUIZ 2 on the previous lab will be administered at the start of lab. 

    How did it get that name?
    Carotid Artery.  The ancients knew that if you pressed the arteries leading to the head long enough, unconsciousness would result.  Thus they named these arteries karotides, from the Greek karoun, to stupefy. Karotide later became carotid in English.  (Source:  LWW.com)
    		Cardiovascular 
    System -- 15

    Lymphatic 
    System -- 16
    Jan 30 Wed.
    or
    Jan 31 Thurs.
    [4]
    		 Ex. 67-69 Vascular Anatomy, Lymphatic Sys. (2nd session) Dissection, Videos, ADAM

    LAB QUIZ 3 on the previous lab will be administered at the start of lab. 

    Are Anatomical Models Always Accurate?
    I would never assume that the Somso and other anatomical models are correct. For example -- unless I am misinterpreting something -- all of my torso models (the typical 3/4- or full-scale model from head to pelvis, with removal thoracic and abdominal viscera) show the jugular veins incorrectly. They show two large veins converging near the angle of the mandible, as if the internal and external jugulars anastomose there in parallel to the branching of the internal and external carotids. Maybe I'm just stupidly overlooking something obvious, but it looks to me like the model designer falsely assumed that the jugular veins would follow the same pattern as the carotid arteries. I do have a Somso head model that has the jugulars correct and shows them much differently than the torso models do. Things like this are enough to shake one's confidence in anatomical models and never to take them as unquestionably authoritative.  -- Dr. Ken Saladin, June 2005.
    		Cardiovascular 
    System -- 15

    Lymphatic
    System -- 16
    Feb 6 Wed.
    or
    Feb 7 Thurs.
    [5]
    		 Ex. 80 Digestive System. Video, dissection, histology, ADAM 

    LAB QUIZ 4  on the previous lab will be administered at the start of lab. 

     Liver Trivia (from LWW.com)
    • The average human liver is more than five times the weight of the human heart. The liver stretches across almost the width of the body, occupying a space about the size of a football. It weighs more than 3 pounds. 
    • If 80 percent of your liver were to be removed, the remaining part would continue to function. Within a few months, the liver would have reconstituted itself to its original size. 
    		Digestive 
    System -- 17
    Feb 6 Wed.
    or
    Feb 7 Thurs.
    [5]
    		 Ex. 82-83 and Supplement Hydrolysis Digestive 
    System -- 17
    Nutrition and 
    Metabolism -- 18
    Feb 13 Wed.
    or
    Feb 14 Thurs.
    [6]
    		 MIDTERM LAB EXAM (100 points)
    Feb 20 Wed.
    or
    Feb 21 Thurs.
    		  [7] Ex. 70 Respiratory System. Dissection, ADAM and Histology  DAT's Right! - the oxygen dissociation curve shifts RIGHT whenever there is an INCREASE in any of the following: DPG, Acidity,Temperature (DAT)
     
  • Human Anatomy (cadaver dissection, etc.)  Gold Standard Integrated Medical Curriculum.
    • Thyroid. The thyroid cartilage, or Adam's Apple, which protects the throat, was named for its resemblance to the shields of Homeric warriors, deriving from the Greek work for "shield" or "shield-shaped." It gave its name to the thyroid gland that straddles the windpipe. The term is first recorded in 1693. [from LWW.com]
    		 Respiratory 
    System -- 19

    How metabolic
    acidosis 
    or alkalosis
    can arise 
    and how these
    conditions 
    shift the 
    bicarbonate
    equilibrium.
     

    Acid Base
    Tutorial
    Tulane University 
    School of 
    Medicine
     
    Mar 21 Wed.
    or
    Mar 22 Thurs.
    [8]
    		 Ex. 71, 74-75 Respiratory Function Biopac, etc.

    LAB QUIZ 6  on the previous lab will be administered at the start of lab. 

    Lung function values are influenced by height, age, and sex. Consequently, to compare pulmonary function among different individuals, percent predicted values can be determined from the following equations (A = age in yr, and H = height in cm):  Forced vital capacity = FVC. 
    FVC males: 0.0844(H) - 0.0298(A) - 8.782 
    FVC females: 0.0427(H) - 0.0174(A) - 2.900

    Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) 
    FEV1 males: 0.067(H) - 0.0292(A) - 6.515 
    FEV1 females: 0.0309(H) - 0.0201(A) - 1.405
    [Source]

    		Respiratory
    System -- 19
    Mar 12 Wed.
    or
    Mar 13 Thurs.
    [9]
    		 Ex. 84 Anatomy of the Urinary System

    LAB QUIZ 7 on the previous lab will be administered at the start of lab. 

    Renal segmental vessels:  Arteries yes. Veins, no.
    Gray's Anatomy, for one, recognizes segmental arteries but denies the existence of segmental veins (38e p. 1827). Gartner & Hiatt's Color Textbook of Histology (1e p. 374) says "Note the absence of lobar and segmental veins in contrast with the arterial system of the kidney." Hollinshead's Textbook of Anatomy (5e p. 615-616) describes the segmental arteries and then explicitly states that the kidneys do not have segmental veins. Clement's Anatomy illustrates and labels the segmental arteries, and illustrates the venous drainage without identifying or showing any segmental veins. Fawcett's Textbook of Histology (12e, p. 753-754) describes the segmental arteries but conspicuously omits segmental veins from its detailed description of the venous drainage. Bailey's Textbook of Microscopic Anatomy (18e p. 671) also describes the venous drainage in reasonable detail, with no mention of segmental veins. -- Dr. Ken Saladin June, 2005
    		Urinary 
    System -- 20
    Mar 26 Wed.
    or
    Mar 27 Thurs.
    		  [10] Ex. 85 Urine Composition and Tests 

    LAB QUIZ 8  on the previous lab will be administered at the start of lab. 

    • Atlas of Urinary sediment:  See images on valhalla\biology.
    • Color chart for urine test strips:  See images on valhalla\biology.
    • Urinalysis  This site gives information on normal and abnormal urine chemistry, urine sediment exam, etc. 
    • Urinalysis Tutorial 

      • "Specific gravity (which is directly proportional to urine osmolality which measures solute concentration) measures urine density, or the ability of the kidney to concentrate or dilute the urine over that of plasma.  Dipsticks are available that also measure specific gravity in approximations.  Most laboratories measure specific gravity with a refractometer.
      Specific gravity between 1.002 and 1.035 on a random sample should be considered normal if kidney function is normal.  Since the sp gr of the glomerular filtrate in Bowman's space ranges from 1.007 to 1.010, any measurement below this range indicates hydration and any measurement above it indicates relative dehydration."
      "Less than 0.1% of glucose normally filtered by the glomerulus appears in urine (< 130 mg/24 hr).  Glycosuria (excess sugar in urine) generally means diabetes mellitus. Dipsticks employing the glucose oxidase reaction for screening are specific for glucos glucose but can miss other reducing sugars such as galactose and fructose. For this reason, most newborn and infant urines are routinely screened for reducing sugars by methods other than glucose oxidase (such as the Clinitest, a modified Benedict's copper reduction test)."
    • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
    • Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Tutorial
    • Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Pathway Interactive Tutorial from Alverno
    		 Urinary 
    System -- 20

    Fluids & 
    Electrolytes -- 21

    How metabolic 
    acidosis or 
    alkalosis can 
    arise and 
    how these 
    conditions
    shift the
    bicarbonate 
    equilibrium.

    Clinical correlates 
    of pH levels
    (The Biology Project) 
    These Tutorials 
    are highly 
    recommended.

    Edema tutorial
    Sodium tutorial
    Apr 2 Wed.
    or
    Apr 3 Thurs.
    [11]
    		 Ex. 87 Reproductive Anatomy (female and male). Dissection, models, etc. 

    LAB QUIZ 9  on the previous lab will be administered at the start of lab. 

    Wasserman test:
    Many medical tests, including the Pap test for cancer and the Schick test for diphtheria, are named for the physicians who devised them. The Wasserman test was invented in 1906 by August von Wasserman (1866-1925), a German physician and bacteriologist. This laboratory blood test for the diagnosis of syphilis, also known as the cardiolipin test, has been perfected to the point where it is 99 percent effective on normal persons. The test is based on the presence of antibodies in the blood. In most cases a positive Wasserman reveals that the patient has syphilis, although vaccination procedures and several diseases, such as leprosy, also produce a positive Wasserman. August von Wasserman, who began his career as a physician in Strasbourg, won international fame for his discovery. He became director of Berlin's Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in 1913.  Source: http://www.lww.com/static/insider/november-06.html
    		Reproductive 
    System -- 22
    Apr 9 Wed.
    or
    Apr 10 Thurs.
    [12]
    		 Human Development. Videos, Supplement

    LAB QUIZ 10 on the previous lab will be administered at the start of lab. 

    		Reproductive 
    System -- 22

    Human 
    Development -- 23
    Biology of 
    Human Aging
    Genetics Examples (Lecture Unit 5) Human 
    Genetics -- 24
    Apr 15 Wed.
    or
    Apr 17 Thurs.
    		   FINAL LAB EXAM (100 points)
  • Practice Quizzes (by Pat Flynn)  Available on \\valhalla\biology
    		•
    Final Exam Week
    		 Lecture Final (Comprehensive). (Final Exams)
    Course Resources are available on \\valhalla\biology  [Restricted to CBU]
    • To use the image files on \\valhalla\biology you will want to use an image browser such as ACDSee (ACDSee is  installed on all the biology lab PC’s).
        •  
    • To use \\valhalla\biology 
      • Anyone can access this shared volume from any CBU networked PC on campus that can handle file sharing.  This includes all the PCs in the Computer Center, the Science Building, Buckman, the Library, and Nolan Hall.  A person could also connect to this from their CBU dorm room. 
      • You can access the volume using \\valhalla\biology even if you don't use your username and password when logging into windows networking.  [Enter anything, such as Student, under userid.  You can leave the password blank.]
      • Use Windows Explorer (or ACDSee) and look for the Drive listing:  'BIOLOGY on VALHALLA'.  If it is not listed on the PC you wish to use, then go to Windows Explorer, pull down the menu under Tools. Select Map Network Drive and map a drive to \\valhalla\biology . (Be sure the "Reconnect at logon" box is checked and you won't have to repeat this step.)
      • If you use a valid CBU username and password when you login to windows networking, you can map a network drive to  \\valhalla\biology.
    • What's Available: Open the Resources folder for your Biology course.  Lecture Resources include PowerPoint lecture slides for each course Unit.  Lab Resources include Digital Images and tutorials sorted by lab topic. (Use the ACDSee image browser.)
    • The image files will load quickly from within the CBU Network.  These files are NOT designed to be accessed via modem! 
    • You do not need to save copies of the images or PowerPoint slides!  They will be on \\valhalla\biology the next time you need them.
    email: aross@cbu.edu