Dr. Ross's Comparative Anatomy Course at CBU

*Dr. Anna E. Ross's* *Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Course:* *BIOL 212 ~ Comparative Anatomy and Lab*
*Dr. Anna E. Ross* Professor of Biology Christian Brothers University A.E.R.'s Home Page	Office: S203G Ph.: 901-321-3436 aross@cbu.edu	*Spring Semester 2008 Office hours:* Mon., Thurs., & Fri. 2:00-5:30.

	*CONTENTS: Comparative Anatomy Course Resources*
	*Lecture Units & Links* *Unit 1 Origins* *Unit 2 Phylogeny* *Unit 3 Skin & Skull* *Unit 4 Skeleton & Muscle* *Unit 5 Digestion & Respiration* *Unit 6 Circulation, Excretion, & Reproduction* *PowerPoint Slides:* [Restricted to CBU] Updated lecture slides are available on the shared directory: \\valhalla\biology The shared directory can be accessed from any computer on campus (including dorms and apartments). See PowerPoint slides for details on Exam Format & Coverage. Room 216 Schedule Dr. Atkins Comp. Anat. Dr. Kilburn's Vert. Zool. Veterinary Case of the Month (U. Minn.) Cat Dissection Videos Cat Anatomy Tutorial (Kenyon) Zool Lab (Chordates) Animal Cams More Animal Cams Eagle Cam Bird cinema John James Audubon Birds of America Smithsonian North American Mammals	*Weekly Labs: Web Resources, Quiz coverage, etc.* Lab 1 Protochordates Photos: acorn worm Lab 2 Lamprey & hagfish Lab 3 a&b Fish anatomy & phylogeny; Scales & Skin (two sessions) Lab 4 Shark & Amphibian skeleton Photos: Shark skull Photos: Necturus skull Lab 5 Mammal skeleton Lab 6 Muscles Shark & Necturus Photos: Necturus muscles Lab 7& 8 Muscles Cat Lab 9 Dig. & Resp. Sys. Lab10 Circ. Sys Shark & Necturus Photo: Shark heart Lab 11 Mammal Circ Sys & Heart Lab 12 Urogenital Sys. (Omit labs 13-14 for 2008) Lab 13 Shark NS & Sense Organs Photos: Shark brain Photo: Shark eye Lab 14a Mammal N.S. Lab 14b Mammal Sense Organs Live Seal Cam (8:00am-8:00pm CST) Thousands of Elephant seals gather on the beaches of California's Año Nuevo State Reserve to mate and give birth. (Dec-March)	*Syllabus, etc.* Course Information Professor Text, Lab Manual Lecture Schedule Course Policies, Grading *Use the links to weekly labs and to lecture units for WWW resources arranged according to course topic.* Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory. Syllabus for Spring 2008 (MSWord to download) Enrolled students can see quiz and exam scores using WebCT6. (How to use WebCT) Photo below: Students in Comp Anat lab, Spring 2000

"There are two names for everything in anatomy, except... dramatic pause... when there are three or more." Dr. Terry Meehan "You cannot be a great anatomist, unless you know 87 different names for the same damn thing!" Dr. Roberta Meehan

	Spring 2008 Course Information: BIOL 212 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy and Lab
	Lecture-Discussion: Mon., Wed., and Fri. at 9:00-9:55 a.m. in S216. Laboratory: Tuesday at 2:00-5:20 p.m. in S216. (Lecture and Lab are co-requisites and must be taken concurrently.) Comparative Anatomy is a Group II Biology Elective applicable to the biology major. A study of the structural and functional evolution of selected organ systems in representative vertebrates. The first part of the course reviews the principals of the comparative method and the phylogenetic (evolutionary) relationships among vertebrates. In the remainder of the course, structures and their organization are interpreted in terms of their embryological development, phylogeny, and functional adaptations. A cooperative and open atmosphere is characteristic of all class and lab meetings. Lecture and laboratory materials will often overlap, and some use of lab time to review lecture concepts is expected. The laboratory room will be available for additional study during posted hours. *You will want to take advantage of the opportunity to study in the lab in addition to the required class and lab sessions.* Students are encouraged to study together. The laboratory course will require your active participation in the dissection of vertebrate specimens including shark, amphibian and cat. The lab is a required part of the course. Prerequisites: BIOL 111 and 112 (Principles of Biology I and II and their labs). BIOL 211 (Vertebrate Embryology and lab) is highly recommended as a prerequisite. Students should not take Comparative Anatomy until they have achieved grades of "C" or better in the prerequisite courses. Students who have not made at least a "C" in each of the prerequisites should repeat the necessary courses before* attempting further course work in Biology.* Students without the prerequisites must have permission of the professor or Department Chair to enroll. \|Back to Contents\|
	*Professor*
	Dr. Anna E. Ross, Professor of Biology. Office: S203G Phone: 321-3436 (Please record a message if I'm not in the office.) e-mail: aross@cbu.edu Dr. Ross's Home Page http://www.cbu.edu/~aross Office Hours: (Spring semester 2008) *Mon., Thurs., and Fri. 2:00-5:30.* Additional appointment times are available upon request (see posted schedule).
	*Required Materials for the Comp. Anat. Course*
	Text: Liem, Karl F., Bemis, Walker, and Grande. 2001. Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective. Third edition. Harcourt College Publishers. ISBN 0-03-022369-5 Laboratory Manual: Wischnitzer, Saul. 2007. Atlas and Dissection Guide for Comparative Anatomy, 6^th edition. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-6959-X Course Supplement: Ross, Anna E. 2008. BIOL 212 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Lecture and Laboratory Course Supplement, 2007 edition. CBU Printing Services. (New edition available in January 2007. Approx. $20.00) *Optional Lab Reference:* Fishbeck, Dale W. and Aurora Sebastiani. 2001. Comparative Anatomy: A Vertebrate Dissection Guide. Morton Publ. Co. ISBN 0-89582-517-1
	Syllabus for Spring 2008 (MSWord to download)

Students in Comparative Anatomy Lab, Spring 2000

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Comparative Anatomy Laboratory Schedule
Lab Topic

Lab #1
Protochordates and Chordates: Anatomy, Phylogeny, & Taxonomy

Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory:

\\valhalla\biology

CD's available in S216:

Introduction to the Vertebrates
Survey of the Animal Kingdom: Fishes (including agnathans)
Animal Classification: The Classification of Vertebrates

Web sites useful for Lab #1:

Protochordata

http://www.biosis.org.uk/htmls/zrdocs/zoolinfo/grp_prch.htm

Introduction to the Hemichordates

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/hemichordata.html

http://www.tolweb.org/Deuterostomia/2466

http://www.tolweb.org/Hemichordata/2498

Hemichordates http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~atkins/newwebpages/Hemichordata/acornworm.html
This material ties in to Dr. Eisen's Invertebrate Zoology Course (Biol 335 & Lab)

http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/BIOL335.htm#Hemichordates (Also scroll down to see the entries under "Nonvertebrate Chordates")

"Biology of Chordates" Illustrated introductory essay (BioMEDIA)
Phylum Chordata

http://biosci.cbs.umn.edu/class/biol/1106/chordate.htm

Phylum Chordata (U Mich Animal Diversity Web)
Chordata (Tree of Life) http://www.tolweb.org/Chordata/2499
Urochordata

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/urochordata.html

Urochordata http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~atkins/newwebpages/Urochordata/seasquirt.html
Tunicate Genome: Insights into Chordate and Vertebrate Origins (Science Dec. 2002)
Chordates (Glasgow Univ.)
Tunicate larva
Amphioxus labeled photomicrographs

http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-08/Amphioxus_1/amphioxus_1.htm

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/cephalo.html

Cephalochrodata http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~atkins/newwebpages/Cephalochordata/lancelet.html
Just for fun: Lyrics to "It's a long way from Amphioxus"

This page explains the song and has a link to an audio file: http://www.pgh.net/~newcomer/amphioxus.htm

U.Cal.Museum of Paleontology (EXCELLENT!)

http://ucmp1.berkeley.edu/welcome.html

Chordate Biology from Dr. Atkins, George Washington Univ.

http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~atkins/newwebpages/Beginning.html

Acorn worm, Balanoglossus. Click photo to see larger image.

Vocabulary practice: Possession of a notochord is apomorphic in deuterostomes, is synapomorphic in chordates and is plesiomorphic in vertebrates.

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Lab #2
Lamprey: Larva and Adult and other Agnathans

Lab QUIZ 1 (Covers Protochordates and primitive Chordates)

CD's available in S216:

Introduction to the Vertebrates
Survey of the Animal Kingdom: Fishes (including agnathans)
Animal Classification: The Classification of Vertebrates

Web Sites for Lab #2:

Hagfish (including video) http://oberon.educ.sfu.ca/splash/wednesday/hagfish.htm
Hagfish http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~atkins/newwebpages/Hagfish/hag.html
Hagfish http://oceanlink.island.net/oinfo/hagfish/hagfish.html
Lampreys in the great lakes

Lamprey control

Phylum Chordata, Class Agnatha http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~atkins/newwebpages/Lamprey/eel.html

Lamprey services (illustrations and links)

Larval lamprey image and info from FSU.
Classifying Vertebrates Tutorial: Classes
Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory:

\\valhalla\biology

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Lab #3 a&b (Two lab sessions)
Fish Phylogeny and Anatomy; Skin & Scales of Vertebrates

Lab QUIZ 2 (Covers lamprey adult & larva plus primitive chordates)

CD's available in S216:

Introduction to the Vertebrates
Survey of the Animal Kingdom: Fishes (including agnathans)
Animal Classification: The Classification of Vertebrates

Web sites for Lab #3 (Fish phylogeny, fish anatomy; Comparative Skin & Scales):

Cladograms! (http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Lists/Cladograms/000Cladograms.html)
Fish Identification http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/fish/key.htm
Osteichthyes anatomy http://www.bev.net/education/SeaWorld/Fishes/introduction.html
Fishes(Glasgow Univ.)
Anatomy and measurements of bony fish and sharks
A Quick Course in Ichthyology http://www.marinebiology.org/fish.htm
Fish photos

http://www.photovault.com/Link/Animals/AnimalsFishMaster.html

Selected Fishes of New York State (Families: descriptions and illustrations)

http://www.sarep.cornell.edu/sarep/fish/fish.html

Fossil sharks http://206.126.103.22/C/celestial/epsm.htm
The Pelagic Shark Research Foundation Photos and information.

http://www.pelagic.org/image_lib/

ReefQuest Center for Shark Research. Look at the "Education" section
C. Chondrichthyes http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~atkins/newwebpages/Chondrichthyes/bruce.html
Yes, skates and rays do have paired claspers for intomission. A male skate. Description of reproduction in the Manta ray (and another page of Manta ray info). Description of reproduction in the bat ray.
Chimera (ratfish) What is that thing on it's head (on a male specimen)? It is thought to function as a clasper during reproduction.
C. Osteichthyes, Subclass Actinopterygiihttp://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~atkins/newwebpages/actinop/bony.html
Key to FW fishes

http://www.umich.edu/~bio440/warmkey.html

http://www.umich.edu/~bio440/northkey.html

Intro to diverse families of fishes

Keys to Fishes (Dr. Petersen)
Fish photos: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and non-teleost Actinoptyrgii (Dr. Petersen)
Fish photos: Actinopterygii (Dr. Petersen)

Scales, Skin, and Feathers

Vertebrate Integument
Fish Scales: Follow the links to see more about Placoid, Cosmoid, Ganoid, and Cycloid & Ctenoid Scales

http://www.austmus.gov.au/fishes/students/scales/index.htm

Integument (U.C. Davis) Tutorial: includes interactive labeling on photomicrographs
Osteichthyian fish skin: annotated photomicrographs (fathead minnow histology)
Animations of Feather Development
Gallery of Feather Photomicrographs
U.S. National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory's Feather Atlas Website
Skin Comparative Lab http://gause.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zoo.225/lab2.html
Hair Evidence in Forensic Science
Genetics of Cat Colors
Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory: \\valhalla\biology

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Lab #4
Shark & Amphibian Skeleton

Lab QUIZ 3 (Covers fish phylogeny, skin & scales)

Great White Shark (Berkeley)
Shark Skin (ReefQuest) Also check the list of shark anatomy pages along the left side of the page.
Autopsy of a Great White Shark (Article in SF Gate News 22 Jan 2001)
Sharks information & conservation

http://www.brunel.ac.uk/admin/alumni/sharks/home.html

Live shark cam (Discovery)
Vertebrate Skull lab
Vertebrate Bone and Skeleton lab
Digital Morphology (U. Texas at Austin): Includes images of many animal skeletons
MusculoSkeletal System Comparisons (U.C. Davis ) tutorial module
Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory:

\\valhalla\biology

Above: Shark Chondrocranium, dorsal view.
Right: Squalus, freeze dried. Left: stained, plastic embedded. Click photo to see larger image.

Left: Shark Chondrocranium, ventral view. Right: Shark teeth.
Left: Squalus, freeze dried specimen. Click photo to see larger image.

Left: Necturus skull, dorsal view. Right: Necturus skull, ventral view.

Necturus skull http://bioweb.wku.edu/faculty/ferrell/Digital/nect/palatal_bones.html

http://bioweb.wku.edu/faculty/ferrell/Digital/nect/roofing_bones.html

http://bioweb.wku.edu/faculty/ferrell/Digital/nect/marginal_bones.html

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Lab #5
Mammal Skeleton (Cat)

Lab QUIZ 4 (Covers Shark & amphibian skeleton)

CATLAB CD-ROM (in S216): Study labeled photos of cat skeleton.
Labeled dog skull, color coded closeups (U. Mich. Animal Diversity web)
Cat skeleton (Wash State Univ.)
Cat skeleton (Ohio State)
Dog skull and Cat skeleton (U Guelph)
Dog skeleton (Wash State Univ.)
"Bone Box" at LUMEN Point and click to name human bones and their major features.
Vertebrate Skull lab http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/courses/bio204/lab6_frameset.htm
Vertebrate Bone and Skeleton lab
Will's Skull page (Will Higgs' photos of mammal skulls, primarily species native to Great Britain)
Why do mammals have only 7 cervical vertebrae?
How to prepare an articulated skeleton
MusculoSkeletal System Comparisons (U.C. Davis ) tutorial module
Digital Morphology (U. Texas at Austin): Includes images of many animal skeletons
Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory: \\valhalla\biology

Bones of the antebrachium: "P-U" (Pinkie-Ulna: the "pinkie" finger and ulna are both medial; the radius is lateral.

Bones of the shank (crus) i.e., the distal hind leg: Can't tell your tib from your fib? The TIBia is the Thick,Inner Bone. The FibuLa is Finer, Fluted, and Lateral.

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Lab #6
Muscles (Shark and Necturus)

Lab Quiz 5 (Covers mammal & amphibian skeleton)

Squalus acanthias This species is used in the popular British dish "fish and chips" as well as marketed for its oil and as fish meal. Source: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/SpinyDogfish/SpinyDogfish.html

Shark external anatomy lab
Spiny dogfish: distinguishing characteristics, etc.

http://www.mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/shark/english/spinyd.htm

Sharks of the Bahamas (National Geographic)
Shark Muscles
Compare muscular, digestive, and urogenital systems in shark vs. mammal
Necturus Muscles: Axial, Appendicular, Branchiomeric
Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory: \\valhalla\biology

Above: Ventral views of dissected Necturus. Click photo to see larger image.

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Lab #7

LAB MIDTERM EXAM, 100 pts.

Skin the Cat, Cat Muscles

Muscle Tissue Review slides @ Univ. Texas Houston
Dr. Ross's Cat Muscle Photos: [Restricted to CBU]

http://www4.cbu.edu/~aross/CatMuscles/CatMuscles.htm

Virtual Cat Lab: Muscles

http://www.dccc.edu/academics/depts/mnset/biology/virtuals/VCAT/Framework/VCAT/CATBOX/muscles.html

Cat Muscles Interactive with photos (Penn State)
Cat muscles (Ohio State)
Carnivore Dissection Lab 1 (U. Minn.) Canine extrinsic muscles of thoracic limb Excellent photos with interactive labeling

CATLAB CD-ROM (in S216): Cat muscles
Homework: Worksheet
Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory:

\\valhalla\biology

Study of Cat Muscles continues in Lab #8

Lab #8
Cat Muscles, continued.

No Lab Quiz

(Check answers for Worksheet)
Cat Muscle Photos: [Restricted to CBU] http://www3.cbu.edu/~aross/CatMuscles/CatMuscles.htm
Virtual Cat Lab: Muscles

http://www.dccc.edu/academics/depts/mnset/biology/virtuals/VCAT/Framework/VCAT/CATBOX/muscles.html

Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory:

\\valhalla\biology

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Lab #9
Digestive and Respiratory Systems

Lab QUIZ 6 (with extra Bonus Points!) Covers Cat Muscles.

Shark internal organs http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/courses/bio204/lab3_frameset.htm
Shark gill circulation
Shark digestive system (ReefQuest) Also see the other shark anatomy links.
Compare muscular, digestive, and urogenital systems in shark vs. mammal
Great White Shark dissection photos Second page
Mammal Digestive system (photos) http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~swatland/ch1_1.htm
Pathophysiology of the Digestive System Excellent. (Colorado State) Photos, labeled diagrams, and digestive system specializations of birds and herbivores (including ruminants).

Dental Anatomy of various Mammals (Colorado State)

Digestive Physiology of Herbivores (Colorado State)

Digestive Physiology of Birds (Colorado State)

Cat & Rat Digestive & UG systems

http://www.bhs.berkeley.k12.ca.us/departments/Science/anatomy/cat/Digestive%20system/index.html

Cat Digestive System Interactive with photos (Penn State)
Virtual Cat Lab: Digestive System

http://www.dccc.edu/academics/depts/mnset/biology/virtuals/VCAT/Framework/VCAT/CATBOX/digestive.html

Virtual Cat Lab: Respiratory System

http://www.dccc.edu/academics/depts/mnset/biology/virtuals/VCAT/Framework/VCAT/CATBOX/respiratory.html

Cat internal organs (Ohio State)
Canine Dissection (Univ. Minn.) Lab 11 Thoracic Cavity: Lungs and Major Vessels

Respiratory system of meat animals http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~swatland/ch1_3.htm
Larynx Anatomy (human) http://www.voice-center.com/index.html
CATLABCD-ROM (in S216)
Videotape: Human Digestive System (Cadaver)
Gaping Maws: Animal Yawns and other wide-open-mouth animal photos

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Lab #10
Circulatory Systems (Shark, Necturus)

Lab QUIZ 7 (Covers digestive and respiratory systems)

Animated vertebrate hearts... shark, lungfish, frog, turtle, crocodile, bird and mammal. Systemic view and heart details. (Excellent for lecture and lab)

http://www.biointeractive.org/grants/lectures/biointeractive/demos.html

Shark heart, ventral view. Squalus. Click photo to see larger image.

Necturus Circulatory System photos: http://bioweb.wku.edu/faculty/ferrell/Digital/nect/circulatory.html

Comparative Anatomy students quiz one another on the shark circulatory system (2006)

Comparative Anatomy students study the necturus circulatory system (2006)

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Lab #11
Circulatory Systems (Cat; Pig Heart; Video)

Lab QUIZ 8 (Covers Shark and Necturus Circ. Sys.)

Animated vertebrate hearts... shark, lungfish, frog, turtle, crocodile, bird and mammal. Systemic view and heart details. (Excellent for lecture and lab)

http://www.biointeractive.org/grants/lectures/biointeractive/demos.html

Pig heart dissection [Excellent photos]

http://www.heartlab.rri.on.ca/dissect/dissection.html

Human Heart (scroll down for heart photos)

http://rivers.oscs.montana.edu/esg/kla/ta/heart.html

Cat Circulatory System (Ohio State)
Virtual Cat Lab: Circulatory System

http://www.dccc.edu/academics/depts/mnset/biology/virtuals/VCAT/Framework/VCAT/CATBOX/circulatory.html

Virtual Cat Lab: Sheep Heart

http://www.dccc.edu/academics/depts/mnset/biology/virtuals/VCAT/Framework/VCAT/OTHER/sheephrt.html

Cat Circulatory System Interactive with photos (Penn State)
Canine Dissection (Univ. Minn.) Lab 11 Thoracic Cavity: Lungs and Major Vessels

Cat & Rat circulatory and respiratory systems
Pig heart photos http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~swatland/ch1_2.htm
CATLAB CD-ROM (in S216)
Videotapes: Pig heart dissection, Human heart dissection, Cat vessels dissection.

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Last lab for 2008

Lab #12
Urogenital Sys. (Shark, Necturus, Cat)

Lab QUIZ 9 (Covers mammal circulatory system)

Squalus acanthias Reproduction
Mating typically occurs in offshore waters with fertilization occurring internally. This is followed by ovoviviparous development. After 4-6 month of development, the membrane providing nourishment to the embryo breaks down. This leaves the yolk-sac to provide nourishment during the remaining 17-19 months of gestation. This species is thought to have the longest gestation period of any vertebrate (up to 24 months). The young are born head-first with cartilaginous sheaths on the spines to protect the mother from injury. Litter sizes average 6-7 but varies between 1 and 15. The newborn pups range from 8-13 inches (20-33 cm) in length.
Source: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/SpinyDogfish/SpinyDogfish.html

Oophagous sharks
Shark reproduction and development
Embryonic Squaliform Sharks
Intrauterine cannibalism in sharks
Great White Shark dissection photos Second page
Virtual Cat Lab: Urogenital System

http://www.dccc.edu/academics/depts/mnset/biology/virtuals/VCAT/Framework/VCAT/CATBOX/urogenital.html

Videotape: Shark reproductive behaviors
Dog Spay Cat Spay Pot Bellied Pig Spay Rabbit Spay Photos of surgery
Dog C-section: Photos of surgery
Dog Neuter Cat Neuter Pot Bellied Pig Neuter Photos of surgery
Canine Dissection (Univ. Minn.) Lab 19 Pelvic Vessels and Pelvic Viscera
Comparative Mammalian Placentation
Reproductive Anatomy of Farm Animals: Slide shows (OK State)

|Back to Contents| Tuesday, 15 April 2008: LAB FINAL EXAM (100 points)

OMIT for 2008

Lab #13
Shark Nervous System and Shark Sense Organs

Lab QUIZ 10 (Covers urogenital system)

Shark brain and ear dissection (scroll down)
Shark eye lab
Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory: \\valhalla\biology

Above: Dorsal views of shark brain and inner ear dissection.

Above: Dissected shark eye, Squalus. Click photo to see larger image.

Shark Trips Lure Tourists, but the Critics Are Circling (New York Times 16 April 2001)

Renaming Bird Brain Anatomy (The Scientist May 2004)

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OMIT for 2008

Lab #14
Mammal Nervous System

Lab QUIZ 11 (Covers shark N.S. & Sense Organs)

Sheep Brain Dissection (Tutorial @ U Scranton) Color photos with good labels.

http://www.uofs.edu/sheep/pge3.html

Sheep brain (Univ. British Columbia)
Mammal brain and eye (Ohio State)
Brain and Spinal Cord Dissections @ U Iowa:

http://indy.radiology.uiowa.edu/Providers/Textbooks/BrainAnatomy/BrainAnatomy.html

Sheep Brain

http://www.dccc.edu/academics/depts/mnset/biology/virtuals/VCAT/Framework/VCAT/OTHER/sheepbrn.html

Interactive Brain Atlas @ Washington Images with structures labeled and outlined, etc.. See both the "Brain" section and the "Neuroanatomy Syllabus."
Brain Anatomy Page of the Interactive Atlas
Whole Brain Atlas @ Harvard

"Normal Brain: Atlas of normal structure and blood flow," "Top 100 Brain Structures," and "Can you name these brain structures?"

Brain Browser Atlas @ Harvard (Requires Java)
Why might elephants have so much cerebral cortex? (20 April 2001) Take a look at the photos of the Elephant brain (on \\valhalla\biology).
CATLAB CD-ROM (in S216)
Numerous illustrations and other study resources for the course are available via the shared directory:

\\valhalla\biology

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OMIT for 2008

Lab #14, continued
Mammal Eye and Ear

Lab QUIZ 12 (Covers Mammal Brain) Lab Quiz 12 will be given during lecture on Friday following the last lab meeting.

Seeing, Hearing, and Smelling. Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
The Joy of Visual Perception. Diagrams and sections on visual acuity (including lens demos),.retina, etc.
Dissection of Cow's Eye. Step-by-step dissection procedures. Click on the photos for larger images.
Sheep eye dissection (from Virtual Cat Lab)
How the Eye Works. From Emory.
Eye Histology Review Slides @ U. Texas, Houston
Eyesight Insight. See the sections on eye anatomy and function.
Visual Systems (Neuroanatomy @ Washington). See the following sections: Eyeball, Ophthalmoscopic view of the fundus of the retina, Retina, and Fovea. (Excellent photomicrographs; select "label all").
Eye Gallery. Views from inside, etc.
Canine Dissection (Univ. Minn.) LAB 24 Eye and Related Structures Superficial Veins

Ear Anatomy http://www.ear-anatomy.com/
Human Ear
Cochlear Anatomy
Hearing and Balance. "Course Book" sections:
Auditory systems (Neuroanatomy @ Washington). (Excellent photomicrographs; select "label all").
Cochlear Fluids Research Lab. Refer to the section on Anatomy of the Inner Ear, Cochlear Anatomy, etc.
Cochlear Mechanics. Includes excellent diagrams and animations.

Tuesday, 15 April 2008: LAB FINAL EXAM (100 points)

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Rosie Britton, Jason Porter, Madiha Sayani, and Alicia Scarborough 2007

Antidotes & Anecdotes: Docs vs. Vets Kerri, a veterinarian, was feeling ill and went to see Dr. West. He began to ask all the usual questions--her symptoms, duration, and the like-- when Kerri suddenly cut him off. "Hey, look, I'm a vet," she declared. "I don't need to ask my patients these kinds of questions-- I can tell what's wrong just by looking at them. Why can't you?" The doctor just nodded in response, looked Kerri up and down, and wrote out a prescription. He handed it to her and said, "There you are. Now of course, if that doesn't work, we'll have to have you put down." Source: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW.com)

	*Comparative Anatomy Lecture Schedule*
	Week	Lecture Topic	Links
Unit 1:	1	Unit 1: Comparative Anatomy Ch. 1 Evolution and Phylogenies Ch 1-2 Synapomorphies (shared derived characteristics) Plesiomorphies* (original, or "primitive" characteristics). Phylogenetic Systematics What is Cladistics? Cladistics (AMNH) Cladistics (ReefQuest) Phylogenetic Systematics (Berkeley) Cladograms Paleos.com (with details on each group) :-) Take a look at "The Biology of B-Movie Monsters." For Size, volume, etc. Scroll to "Session 3The Bigger They Are, The Harder They Fall"	Homology & Cladistics (Read & study the 1st page of this exercise) Tree of Life (Arizona) Museum of Paleontology (Berkeley) Excellent! Geologic Time Scale (U. Calgary) T. H. Huxley Haeckel and Heterochrony Haeckel: Ontogeny & Phylogeny Evolution, Ontogeny & Phylogeny (Dr. Irwin) Heterochrony and Evolution (Carleton) Scientific Names Taxonomy (Smithsonian)
	2	Holiday Evolution and Phylogenies Ch 1-2 Origin of Vertebrates Ch. 2 Cladograms Paleos.com (with details on each group)	Evolution and the Fossil Record (Paleontological Society) Acobat Reader Phylum Chordata (U Mich Animal Diversity Web) Vertebrates(U MichAnimal Diversity Web) Classes of Vertebrates Tutorial Ostracoderm Fossils (Dr. Atkins)
	3	Agnatha Ch. 3 Placoderms; Chondrichthyes Ch. 3 Chondrichthyes Ch. 3	Placoderms Placoderms (with examples) Placoderms and Chondrichthyes (Dr. Atkins) *Live shark cam* (Discovery) *Prehistoric Shark Gallery* (Discovery)
Unit 2:	4	Chondrichthyes Ch 3 Osteichthyes Ch 3 *LECTURE EXAM 1, 100 pts.* (Exam 1: Ch. 1, 2, 3 thu Chondrichthyes)	Sharks (Seaworld) About sharks Shark information Chondrichthyes (Berkeley) Chondricthyes (Texas A&M) *Autopsy of a Great White Shark* (Article in SF Gate News 22 Jan 2001)
	5	Unit 2 begins with Osteichthyes Ch. 3 Osteichthyes Ch 3 Amphibia Ch. 3 Reptilia; Aves Ch. 3 Aves; Mammalia Ch. 3 Mammalia Ch. 3 Cladograms Paleos.com (with details on each group) Jawed vertebrate phylogeny from nuclear DNA-coded genes (BMC Biology 2004) Chondrosteans (palaeos.com) Polypterus video Coelacanth (NOVA) Coelacanth Anatomy (NOVA) Your inner fish (Shubin interview) Lobe finned fish, Tiktaalik roseae Ichthyosaurs (Sci Amer) Dinosaur Glossary (Discovery) Did birds evolve from dinosaurs? Lizard Gallery (photos) Mammalian Subclasses and Infraclasses Mammalogy (U Guelph) (Photos, etc.)	Coelacanth:http://www.dinofish.com/ Coelacanth: Modern and Fossil specimens (Natural History) Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction Bony fishes (Seaworld) Nova Missing Link (Evolution of Tetrapods during the Devonian) Amniotes(Tree of Life) Walking with Dinosaurs (Discovery Channel) Dinosaurs (U Berkeley) Dinosaurs (Tyrell) Crocodilian photos First Bipedal lizard Bipedal lizard New Data on Turtle Phylogeny Flyin' Dinosaurs (Sci Amer) Mass Extinction (Nova) It's a Bird, It's a...Dinosaur? (Sci Amer) Evidence of Feathered Lizards (ABC news) Feathered Dinosaur A Bird With a Dinosaur Toe? Dinosaur Update (NPR) Archaeopteryx Bird Origins (Ritchison, EKU) Bird Identification (Patuxent) The Mammals of Texas: fully illustrated and searchable. Evolutionary Origin of Whales (Science News 2001)
Unit 3:	6	*LECTURE EXAM 2, 100 pts.* (Exam 2 Cumulative, emphasis on Ch. 3) Unit 3: Integument Ch. 6 Integument & Head Skeleton Ch. 6-7	Fish Scales Feathers originated and diversified in dinosaurs before birds or flight evolved Comparing Mammary Gland Structure Mammal Skulls (U Mich Animal Diversity Web) Baleen Whales Baleen
	7	Head Skeleton Ch. 7 Head Skeleton Ch. 7, 22 Head and Trunk Skeleton Ch. 7-8	Kinds of teeth Duck bill vs. Quail beak: Neural Crest transplant experiments Skeletal Anatomy of sheep, pig, bird
Unit 4:	8	Skeleton Ch. 8 *LECTURE EXAM 3, 100 pts.* (Chs. 6-7, 22) Unit 4: Trunk and Append. Skeleton Ch. 8-9	Skeleton gallery
		*Spring Break*
	9	Skeleton