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*São Paulo, Brazil*
São Paulo Projects (current): Role of glutamate and calcium expression in the developing nervous system (Dr. Luiz Britto, Univ. Sao Paulo) photos from Dr. Britto's lab (2002) Dr. Britto's CV (MSWord) Neuroanatomical connections in the regulation of sensory-motor integration (Dr. Claudio Toledo UNICID City Univ. of São Paulo) photos from Dr. Toledo's lab (2002) An outline on Dr. Toledo's vision research (Nov. 2000).	More MHIRT Projects, how to apply, etc. MIRT 2001 Projects and Photos View a slide show from Dr. Fitzgerald (with photos from Summer 2001) Brazil in photographs slide show from Dr. Toledo Drs. Toledo, Marques, and Carobrez (at CBU, Nob. 2007)
\| Map of Brazil \| \| Another Map \| \| Dr. Toledo's Photos of Brazil \|	\| São Paulo Brazil \| \| More about São Paulo \| \| Universities & Research Labs \|

Dr. Luiz Britto's Lab, Univ. São Paulo
2002 Photos by Dr. Fitzgerald [Click to see a larger image.]

Dr. Luiz Britto and Eckardt Campos (MIRT 2002 student)	Eckardt processing tissue
Claudio preparing for seminar	Lab members in Dr. Britto's lab
Other members in Dr. Britto's lab	Dr. Britto and lab at dinner

Dr. Claudio Toledo's Lab, City University of São Paulo
2002 Photos by Dr. Fitzgerald [Click to see a larger image.]

Monique on the computer	Dr. Caudio Toledo and Fatima in Dr. Toledo's office
Lachre taking notes	Monique and Dr. Toledo processing tissue
View of UNICID from the metro
Walking to the lab
Dr. Fitzgerald and Monique cutting tissue	Lachre and Monique cutting tissue
Marcia, Dr. Toledo's Lab Technician	Monique mounting tissue
Lachre processing tissue

Summary of Dr. Toledo's Presentations at CBU on 14 and 16 Nov. 2000
Research in the Neurobiology of Visual Systems

Cláudio A. B. Toledo
City University of São Paulo
São Paulo, SP - Brazil

Educational Background:

B.S. Biology - 1984. Marine Biology (invertebrates)
M.S. Physiology & Biophysics - 1989. Animal Behavior (ethology)
Ph.D. Physiology & Biophysics - 1994. Neurophysiology

Research Goals: To better understand the neural basis of the sensory-motor brainstem integration with major emphasis of the sub-cortical visual pathways.

What tools are used?

Neuroanatomical techniques:

- histochemistry
- immunohistochemistry
- selective neuronal lesions
- neural tract-tracing

Understanding the neural micro-circuitry: a technical approach. Beyond anatomical dissection.
Identifying the neural structures:

- by classical histological techniques: stains (Nissl, Giemsa, Neutral red, Evans, etc.)

- by recent histological techniques: histochemistry; immunohistochemistry

Identifying the neural structures. What neural structures? Cells - Nuclei - Pathways
Neurochemical Identification (NI) of Cells and Nuclei

- neurotransmitters

- neuromodulators

- receptors

- other proteins: structural; metabolic

Hodological Identification (HI) of Pathways

- lesions

- neurotracers

- anterograde

- retrograde

(microinjections done by pressure or iontophoresis)

Functional aspects of the pathways: Combine NI & HI with Behavioral Procedures (BP)
Equivalency and/or homology of neural structures: Combine NI, HI, & BP with an embryological criteria.
Model organism: pigeon.

A view of Brazil in photographs provided by Dr. Toledo.

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