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Professor of Biology Christian Brothers University, 650 East Parkway South, Memphis, TN 38104 |
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BIOL
414 and BIOL 414L: Animal Histology (Spring 2007)
(Histology
is offered at CBU in odd-numbered Spring semesters.)
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Histology Home Page Contents: |
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On
Campus Resources (in Room
S216):
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Web
Resources for Histology (Also
see links listed under each course unit)
http://dpalm2.med.uth.tmc.edu/edprog/00000516.htm http://www.med.uc.edu/medware2/microanatomy/index.htm http://webct.downstate.edu:8900/courseware/histomanual/ http://scientia.org/cadonline/biology/eukaryotic/home.ASP http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/HISTO.html http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/index.htm http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/virtual/virtual.html http://www.mcl.tulane.edu/student/1997/kenb/neuroanatomy/readme_neuro.html http://casweb.cas.ou.edu/pbell/Histology/Outline/contents.html Practice Quizzes (images and answers) http://www.ou.edu/faculty/B/Paul.B.Bell-1/Histology/Tests/quizmenu.html http://embryo.anatomy.temple.edu/histology/index.htm Temple U powerpoint tutorials (web version) http://www.udel.edu/Biology/Wags/histopage/empage/empage.htm http://www.medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/histo/ http://www.teaching-biomed.man.ac.uk/rennie/homepage.html U Texas Houston Histology http://dpalm.uth.tmc.edu/histology/ http://www.histology.anatomy.wisc.edu/ http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/ http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histo/ http://www.medicine.uiowa.edu/pathology/nlm_histology/content_index_db.html |
| Course Resources are available on \\valhalla\biology [Restricted to CBU] |
you will want to use an image browser such as ACDSee (ACDSee is installed on all the biology lab PC’s). http://www.acdsystems.com/English/Products/ImagingProducts/ACDSee/ACDSeeClassic/index.htm http://www.acdsystems.com/English/Products/Downloads/ACDSeeforMac.htm |
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Histology
Unit 1
Box H-125 Golgi apparatus, pancreas (Silver stain). Triarch brand Box H-9 Mitochondria, turtle liver. Triarch brand Box H-9 Liver, Kuppfer cells (macrophages have ingested carbon). Ssee DiFiore. Box H-9 Glycogen stained, mammalian liver. Triarch brand Box H-143 Adipose (lipid stained with osmium tetroxide) Carolina brand Box H-143 Adipose w.m. lipid stained with Sudan IV. Carolina brand. H1 Squamous Epithelium, w.m., surface view (some stained to show cell boundaries). Simple Squamous Epithelium and surface view of Stratified Squamous Epithelium H2 Mesothelium: w.m. shows surface view of Simple Squamous Epithelium; sec. shows “side view” of Simple Squamous Epithelium (caution, connective tissue in the center, epithelium only at the free surface). Mesothelium is a serous membrane. H4 Cornea: Inner surface (corneal endothelium) = Simple low Cuboidal Epithelium (it is one layer of large, hexagonal “squamous” cells, some authors classify this as Simple Squamous Epithelium). Outer surface (anterior) -- Stratified Squamous Epithelium (approximately 5 layers of large cells, squamous cells at surface) [stroma of cornea is connective tissue = bundles of collagen fibers] Lens capsule: Simple Cuboidal Epithelium H6 Kidney: Medulla – epithelia lining collecting tubes include Simple Cuboidal Epithelium and (more difficult to find) Simple Columnar Epithelium; lining the thin segment of the loop of Henle is Simple Squamous Epithelium. Kidney: Cortex – Simple Squamous Epithelium forms Bowman’s capsule, the glomerular capillaries, and other capillaries; lining the distal and proximal convoluted tubules of the nephron is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium. [Compare 1.5µm slides to the “standard” slides.] H7 Lung and Bronchioles: lining the largest bronchi is Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium (with a few goblet cells); as the bronchioles get smaller, the lining gets thinner: Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium then Ciliated Simple columnar Epithelium and Simple Cuboidal Epithelium; lining alveoli and capillaries is Simple Squamous epithelium. [Compare 1.5? slides to the “standard” slides.] H11 Thyroid: Simple Cuboidal Epithelium lines the follicles of this endocrine gland (the “cuboidal” cells may be flattened by the contents of the follicle). Note the follicle arrangement of endocrine parenchyma. [Compare 1.5µm slides to the “standard” slides.] H14 Duodenum: lining the inner surface is Simple Columnar Epithelium with striated border (microvilli), goblet cells (single cell mucous glands); the mucosa and submucosa are thrown into villi; glands can be seen in the mucosa (intestinal glands; = simple tubular) and in the submucosa (Brunner’s glands = compound branched tubular glands [tubuloalveolar at the ends] with ducts to the surface) [Compare 1.5µm slides to the “standard” slides.] H17 Colon, c.s.: lining the inner surface is Simple Columnar Epithelium with striated border, mostly goblet cells, some intestinal glands, no villi H22 Trachea, c.s.: Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium (compare and contrast to Simple Columnar Epithelium); note cilia, goblet cells, glands beneath the epithelium H19 Epididymis, c.s.: Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium with stereocilia (stereocilia are long, branching microvilli, not cilia); also note sperm in the lumen of the long, coiled duct H23 Urinary Bladder (expanded and contracted sec.): Transitional Epithelium; compare the cell shapes lining the stretched vs. the unstretched bladder wall; note the number of layers of cells in the epithelium H25 Skin, human (thick skin, as on palm and soles): Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium (epidermis), layers of epidermis include the very thick stratum corneum (at surface) and the deepest layer is the stratum basale (stratum germinativum) in contact with the basal lamina. Also note eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands (simple coiled tubular, coiled secretory part in the dermis is simple secretory epithelium; the coiled duct is lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium (two layers of cuboidal cells) H27 Human Scalp: epidermis is Keratinized stratified Squamous Epithelium (Stratum corneum not as thick as on palm or sole); sebaceous glands empty into hair follicles (clusters of 2-5 acini/alveoli in the dermis are drained by a single duct; the duct is lined with stratified squamous epithelium; holocrine secretion [sebum]) [Additional images are in the Integument unit.] H33 Esophagus: lining is Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium, nuclei flattened in surface cells; may have esophageal glands beneath the epithelium (simple branched tubular) [Also see box H-114] H51 Parotid Salivary Gland: compound tubuloacinar gland; secretory units are both acini and tubules (Simple Cuboidal Epithelium or Simple Columnar Epithelium) produce serous secretion; intralobular ducts lined with simple cuboidal epithelium [Additional images in the digestive system unit.]
A follower of Xavier Bichat's (1771-1892) pioneer work in microscopic anatomy, Henle became the greatest histologist of his day and one of the finest anatomists of any area. His importance to the development of histology is comparable to that of the Renaissance master Andreas Vesalius on gross anatomy. A man of wide interests, equally at home with the arts as with science, Henle led a life filled with politics, romance, and intrigue." http://www.udel.edu/Biology/Wags/histopage/empage/empage.htm http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/HISTO.html http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/
Dr. Ross will be pleased to answer your questions and set up a laser disc or a CD-ROM for you to use. Digital images, Digitized Laser disc images, photocopied photomicrographs, diagrams, microscope slides, etc. The exam questions will include: "Name the specific structure (indicated by pointer or mark)," "Name the Tissue," and/or "Identify the Source," etc. You are also welcome to use following A&P I PowerPoint Slides useful for Histology Unit 1 (on \\valhalla\biology)
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http://dpalm.uth.tmc.edu/histology/ http://www.fpnotebook.com/HEM91.htm http://www.med.uiuc.edu/histo/small/lab/lab2/lab2.htm http://www.med.uiuc.edu/histo/small/lab/lab1/lab1.htm http://www.med.uiuc.edu/histo/large/exam/default.htm
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| Unit 2 Q&A:
Question:
Answer:
What is the clear cut distinction between fibers, fibrils, and microfibrils of connective tissue fibers (size, shape, etc.)? Answer:
"Collagen Fibers and Fibrils" pages 96-98. Figures: 5.2 page 97; 5.3 page 98; 5.4 page 99. "Reticular Fibers" page 102. "Elastic Fibers" pages 102-104. Neutrophils >60% Lymphocytes 30% Monocytes 6% Eosinophils 3% Basophils <1% |
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Unit
3 Muscle and Nervous Tissue; Nervous System
Muscle Tissue:
Neurons, Neuroglia, Spinal cord, Spinal ganglion, Cerebrum, Cerebellum. Also see the following A&P I slides useful for Histology (NS parts 1-4 have been copied into the histology Lab Unit 3 folder). Enjoy!
An excellent resource! http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/index.htm http://casweb.cas.ou.edu/pbell/Histology/Outline/nerve.html Created for Neuroscience class at Tulane School of Medicine. Three views of each slide include cropped view of slides showing the most important region of each slide, with labels and arrows. Slides of thoracic spinal cord are especially useful for CBU students in Biol 217, Biol 211, Biol 414, etc. Atlas of Ultrastructural Neurocytology |
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| Unit 3 Q&A
Question:
Yes. There are differences in the traditional usage of these terms (for LM vs. physiological descriptions, etc.). There is also some variety in the shapes of synaptic end bulbs. What exactly are the intramural ganglia, and do they in any way have relation to the enteric portion of the autonomic N.S. which the book makes reference to?
From lecture slides: Autonomic Ganglia 1. Sympathetic chain ganglia 2. Intramural location (closer to or embedded in the organ innervated): * in nearby mesentery or * in walls of the organ (intramural) What is the exact definition of the neurilemmal sheath?
Neurilemmal sheath (sheath of Schwann): The glial cell material investing (surrounding) nerve fibers of the PNS. This sheath is continuous with the capsule of satellite cells surrounding the perikarya of neurons in the spinal ganglia. RR&K p. 55 defines neurilemmal cells as Schwann cells. Some authors also use the term neurilemmal sheath to describe the Schwann cell material protecting unmyelinated nerve fibers. The neurilemmal sheath plays a crucial role in healing of damaged nerve fibers in the PNS. The absence of this material in the CNS is thought to be a primary reason that damaged nerve cell processes in the CNS cannot normally heal themselves. In RR&K, striated muscle is further divided into skeletal muscle, visceral striated muscle, and cardiac muscle. Are visceral muscle and visceral striated muscle the same?
Notice that this section (page 214) refers only to the appearance of the cells. These categories are not the same as the "official tissue names." Most histologists DON'T use RR&K's "visceral striated muscle" category. No one uses this as the name for a tissue. Most authors use the "official tissue name" SKELETAL MUSCLE to refer to both RR&K's skeletal muscle *and* RR&K's visceral striated muscle. (That's what RR&K do in the rest of the chapter.) Visceral muscle and visceral striated muscle are NOT the same. Neither term is an "official tissue name" for our purposes. The term "visceral muscle" would probably mean smooth muscle (but it could also refer to cardiac muscle). Visceral organs include the respiratory system and the GI tract. Visceral innervation is generally via the ANS (autonomic nervous system) which is visceral motor in function. Sensory information from smooth muscle is carried by visceral sensory neurons. So, you see why we stick with the three traditional "official tissue names" for the three types of muscle tissue: Smooth Muscle, Skeletal Muscle, and Cardiac Muscle. ![]() |
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Histology
Unit 4:
Circulatory, Lymphatic, Integument, and Digestive (in part). Histology Videotapes in S216 Histology Unit 4 PowerPoint available on \\valhalla\biology [Restricted to CBU]
http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/index.htm Answer: The epithelioreticular cells are the "specialized epithelial cells" in the thymus. These specialized cells are labeled on a few micrographs on the videodisc(s) and in some of the CD-ROM's. Thymocytes are the maturing T-lymphocytes in the thymus.
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| Histology
Unit 5 Material:
Histology Videotapes
in
S216
Histology Unit 5 PowerPoint slides are available on \\valhalla\biology [Restricted to CBU]
Histol Unit 5 (part 2) Respiratory system Histol Unit 5 (part 3) Urinary System. |
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Tutorials Also see Atlas and Quiz. Also see Flash Cards and Quiz http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/index.htm |
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Unit
5 Q&A:
Question: What should we know about the lamina propria of the large intestine (collagen table, pericryptal fibroblast sheath, etc.). This section was not covered in the lecture slides. Answer:
Histology of the lamina propria of the colon:
Answer: No they are not the same. Since RR&K does not include the details on this point, let's look at the distinction. (This is covered in the lecture slides.)
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Final Exam Dates (2007):
100 questions are Multiple Choice + 5 Fill-in Questions (tissue names) for the 5 Bonus points. |
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Reminders:
Please return microscope slides to the correct box! You need to consult your lists of microscope slides to determine where the slides go... or just ask... but don't guess. Also, please keep slide boxes in order. |
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BIOL 414 Animal Histology and Lab
Optional Histology Study Lab Sessions Mon. and Fri. 2:00-4:30 pm in S216. (S216 schedule) (Lecture and Lab are co-requisites and must be taken concurrently.) A study of the microscopic and ultramicroscopic structure of mammalian tissues and organs, i.e., microscopic anatomy. Special emphasis is placed on the relation of structure to function. This course gives the student a thorough and detailed overview of the various human tissues and organs. This is an upper level course designed for students who want intensive preparation in microanatomy. The course is designed for qualified juniors and seniors. Students are expected to have college level preparation in mammalian anatomy and/or physiology (see Prerequisites below).Prerequisites: Junior or Senior class standing. BIOL 111 and 112 (Principles of Biology I and II and their labs) and 4 additional hours of Biology. It is recommended that your previous biology courses include preparation in anatomy and/or physiology [for example,at least one of the following with lab: BIOL 212 Comparative Anatomy, BIOL 312 Vertebrate Physiology, or BIOL 217-218 Anatomy and Physiology I and II]. In addition, BIOL 211 (Embryology) is recommended and biochemistry will be helpful. Students who have not made at least a "C" in each of the prerequisites should repeat the necessary courses before attempting further course work in Biology. Students without the prerequisites must have permission of the professor or Department Head to enroll. |
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Professor:
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| Required Materials
[An acceptable substitute is the previous edition: RR&K Michael H. Ross, Lynn J. Romrell, and Gordon Kaye. 1995. Histology A Text and Atlas. Third Edition. Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-07369-9] Eroschenko, Victor P. 2005. di Fiore's Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlations, 10th edition. Williams and Wilkins (Lea and Febiger) ISBN 0-7817-5021-0 (Includes a CD) [An acceptable substitute is: 2000. 9th ed. ISBN 0-683-30749-5] Course Supplement:
Digital Images for CBU Histology, Biol 414:
http://dpalm2.med.uth.tmc.edu/edprog/00000516.htm http://www.med.uc.edu/medware2/microanatomy/index.htm http://www.curtin.edu.au/curtin/dept/biomed/teach/hubiol/vhl1.html http://www.scientia.org/scientia/caduceus/cards/cardindex.html#Bio http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/HISTO.html http://www.med.uiuc.edu/histo/atlas/index.htm http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/index.htm http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Histo/frames/histo_frames.html http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/index.htm http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/virtual/virtual.html http://www.mcl.tulane.edu/student/1997/kenb/neuroanatomy/readme_neuro.html http://www.ou.edu/faculty/B/Paul.B.Bell-1/Histology/Outline/contents.html Practice Quizzes (images and answers) http://www.ou.edu/faculty/B/Paul.B.Bell-1/Histology/Tests/quizmenu.html http://embryo.anatomy.temple.edu/histology/index.htm http://www.medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/histo/ http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/edprog/histolog/carousel.htm http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/ http://www.histology.anatomy.wisc.edu/htm/ttoc.htm |
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| Student Responsibilities
You are responsible for all information presented during lecture and laboratory sessions. Lecture attendance is required. Laboratory attendance is required. Laboratory sessions will require the entire scheduled period. You will be responsible for cleaning up before you leave lab. Therefore, do not expect to be out of lab before the scheduled time. Attendance at lecture and lab exams is required. If you miss lecture or lab for any reason, you are expected to inform me and you are responsible for making up the missed work on your own time (you must have me verify that you have made up missed lab work). Unexcused absences will lower your grade. Excessive absences are grounds for automatic failure. You will need to read the assigned text material and the appropriate lab material before you come to lecture or lab. You will need your textbooks, atlases, and course supplement during all lecture and lab meetings. « To be successful in this course you will want to study in the lab for several hours each week in addition to the scheduled lab times. Exams and Grading |