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Lab Schedule
Spring 2004
INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Mary Ogilvie
OFFICE #: 203F
Phone: 321-3437
email: mogilvie@cbu.edu
Office Hrs: Mon. 1:00 4:00 Wed. 1:00 4:00 Fri. 2:00 4:00
Tues. 2:00 3:00 Thurs. 9:30 10:30
Course Description: Laboratory experience to illustrate the principles covered in BIOL112, i.e., animal taxa, plant structure and function, mammalian organ systems, and development in animals. Prerequisites, BIOL 111 and 111 lab. Corequisite, BIOL 112.
Materials: Biology Laboratory Manual 6th ed., Warren D. Dolphin
Photo Atlas for Biology, Perry and Morton
Tests, Assignments: 1 mid-semester practical -------------------------------- 100 pts.
1 comprehensive final exam --------------------------- 150 pts.
2 Lab reports ------------------------------------------------ 50 pts. each
~9 weekly quizzes ---------------------------- 20 pts. each
Total ~510 pts.
Dropped Quizzes: You may drop 2 quiz grades if you miss no labs. If you miss no more than 1 lab, you may drop 1 quiz.
Make-up Labs: Should you not be able to attend lab, please call me as soon as possible. If you have missed an exam, you will be asked to present a Drs. note.
Grading: 90 - 100 = A 70 - 79 = C
80 - 89 = B 60 - 69 = D
<60 = F
Course Goals:
1.To identify and distinguish some examples of a) nonvascular, seedless plants, b) vascular, seedless plants, c) gymnosperms and d) angiosperms.
2. To understand how and why the physiology of seed plants is so closely tied to morphology.
3. To identify and distinguish examples from phyla within the Kingdom Animalia.
4. To develop skills in the dissection of selected Arthropods, Echinoderms and mammalian Chordates.
5.To identify the major structures found within each system of the mammalian body and understand the roles they play in mammalian physiology.
6. To gain an appreciation of the evolutionary relationships existing between animals within different phyla by comparing certain anatomical features.
Lab Schedule
Week of Subject Exercises
Jan. 19 Fungi 17
Jan. 26 Animal
Phylogeny, Simple Animals 19
Feb. 2 Protostomes
20, 21
Feb. 9 Deuterostomes 22
Feb. 16 *Plant roots, stems, leaves 23, 24, 25
Chlorophyll spectrum
Feb. 23 *Plant reproduction, development 25, 26
Photosynthesis
Mar. 1 Lab Midterm Exam
Mar. 8 *****************Spring Break**********************
Mar. 15 Digestive and Respiratory systems 27
Mar. 22 Circulatory system 28
Mar. 29 *Excretory and Reproductive systems 29
Apr. 12 Nervous and Sensory systems 31
Apr. 26 Final Exam
LAB REPORT PROTOCOL
You will be asked to write two lab reports. Exercises marked with an asterisk are the ones on which a report can be written. Reports are due 2 weeks after the lab exercise.
- Reports must be typewritten and at least 3 pages.
- Please write reports in pairs. (Do not use anyone else's report or parts of a report. This will constitute an automatic "F" for your final lab grade.)
- Use headings and Roman numerals to delineate each section of the report from the other sections.
I. Abstract ---- This is a summary of the entire experiment. The Abstract includes results of experiments. It is condensed into one paragraph.
II. Introduction ----- Includes any important facts pertinent to understanding the experimental parameters. Much of the information given in pre-lab would be found here.
III. Methods ------ This section is a brief summary of how the experiment was run. No quantities of materials are necessary here.
IV. Results ------ A verbal explanation of your results is provided here. Include any data in tables or graphs that are clearly labeled. Any calculations which apply are included here also. GRAPHS MUST BE DON E IN EXCEL. Always explain tables, graphs, etc. No commentary about your results is needed here. Just The Facts!
V. Discussion ------ Give your interpretation of the results. Why do think your experimental results were good or bad? How did your results align with the information given in your Introduction? If your results were poor, give some idea as to why they were less than perfect. Be honest. You will not be penalized for poor results. I am most interested in knowing that you understand the experiment. This section requires several "meaty" paragraphs.
-Avoid editorializing here. Statements that begin with, "I feel..........." or "All in all the experiment went well." or "The experiment went as expected." should be avoided.
VI. Citations XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Extra tips:
1. Paper must be written in 3rd person, passive voice.
2. Text must be in past tense.
3. Each time a new topic is addressed, begin a new paragraph, each of which should have a topic sentence. (If you don't know what this is, ask me.)
4. Bold all section headings.
PLAGIARISM: Occasionally students will use passages, verbatim, (often without evil intent) from other sources (books, journals, etc.) in a report. This is PLAGIARISM and is considered a form of cheating. The only acceptable way to use another source is to put the passage in your own words and then include it in the citation section (see hand out). You will receive an F on your report if you do this.
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LAB OUTLINE
Exercise 17 Plant Phylogeny
I.Division Bryophyta:
A. Class Hepaticae
Marchantia (liverwort):
1. Preserved life cycle
2. Preserved thallus
3. Archegonium (ls)
4. Antheridium (ls)
B. Class Musci
Mnium (Mosses):
1.Gametophyte/Sporophyte
(wm)
2. Live specimen
3. Life cycle (glass cylinder)
II. Division Pterophyta (Ferns):
1. Prothallus (wm)
2. Prothallus + sporophyte
3. Sporangia with spores
4. Living frond with sori
II. Gymnosperms (Naked Seed)
A. Division Coniferophyta
1. Staminate (male) cone
a) Slide (ls)
b) Preserved cones
2. Ovulate (female) cone
a) Slide (ls)
b) Preserved cones
3. Pine pollen
4. Pine stem (cs)
Exercise 22 Plant Form and Function
A. Absorbtion Spectrum of chlorophyll
1. Extraction of chlorophyll
2. How do you blank spectrophot.?
3. Why should there be 2 peaks?
B. Light Intensity and Photosynthesis
1. How was this experiment set up?
2. What was the purpose of the control?
-Was it a neg. or pos. contril?
3. First graph
a) What did it measure?
b) Why was an average line used for each?
c) How was the slope obtained?
4. 2nd graph
a) How done?
b) How did it estimate the light compenation pt.?
C. Leaves
1. Ligustrum (cs)
2. Tradescantia (wet mount)
-how did stomata behave in high salt?
3. Zea (cs)
Exercise 23 Absorption, Transport and Transpiration
A. Roots
1. Root model (ls)
2. Ranunculus (cs)
B. Stems
1. External stem
-What is apical dominance?
2. Coleus (cs)
-Herbaceous dicot
3. Tilia (cs)
- Woody dicot
4. Maize (cs)
- Monocot
Exercise 24 Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants
A. Flowers
1. Kalanchoe (mother of 1000's)
a) plantlets
b) Dicot flowers
2. Gladiolus (monocot flowers)
a) Dissection
b) Wet mount of xs of anther
c) Wet mount of pollen grains
d) Wet mount of ovule
3. Assorted living flowers
4. Prepared slides:
a) Lily anther (cs)
b) Lily ovary (cs)
c) Pollen (wm)
B. Seeds:
1. Lima beans soaking in water
2. Prepared slide: Capsella embryo (xs)
3. Plastic mount of seed dispersal strategies
C. Seedling Germination:
1. Mustard seeds germinating -dicot
2. Radish seeds germinating - dicots
3. Plastic mount of bean germination
4. Plastic mount of seedlings
D. Fruits (Table p. 349):
1. Simple
2. Multiple
3. Aggregate
Exercise 18 Simple Animals
A. Phylum Porifera
1. Leucosolenia (wm)
2. Sponge spicules (wm)
3. Preserved sponges
4. Grantia (cs)
B. Phylum Cnidaria
1. Hydra budding (wm)
2. Hydra (cs)
3. Obelia (wm)
-preserved
4. Portuguese man-0-war
5. Sea anemone (preserved)
6. Corals (preserved)
7. Medusae (preserved)
C. Phylum Platyhelminthes
1. Planaria (wm)
2. Planaria (cs)
3. Clinorchis sinensis
a) Slide (wm)
b) Preserved
c) Plasticmount
4. Echinococcus granulosus
a) Slide (wm)
b) Preserved
D. Phylum Nematoda
1. Ascaris (cs)
-male and female
2. Ascaris (preserved)
-Distinguish male from female
Exercise 19 Protostomes I: Annelida and Mollusca
I. Phylum Annelida
A. Class Oligochaeta
Earthworm
i. Preserved
ii. Slide (xs)
iii. Dissection
B. Class Hirudinea
Leeches (preserved)
C. Class Polychaeta
Clam Worms (preserved)
II. Phylum Mollusca
A. Class Bivalva
1. Specimens (preserved)
2. Dissection of clam
3. Clam valves
B. Class Cephalopoda
Preserved specimens
Exercise 20 Protostomes II: Arthropods
I. Subphylum Chelicerae
1. Preserved specimens
2. Spiders, etc.
II. Subphylum Uniramia
1. Preserved specimens
2. Insects, etc.
3. Plastic mounts of complete and incomplete metamorphosis
III. Subphylum Crustacea
1. Preserved specimens
2. Plasticmount of male and female crayfish
3. Dissection of crayfish
4. How is male distinguished from female?
Exercise 21, Deuterostomes.
1. Dissection of starfish
2. Examples of preserved Echinoderms
3. Various examples of preserved Chordates:
a) Subphylum Urochordata
-Tunicates
b) Subphylum Cephalochordata
i. Amphioxus preserved
ii. Amphioxus slides (wm)
c) Representatives of Subphylum Vertebrata:
i. Class Agnatha
-lamprey eel
ii. Class Chondrichthyes
iii. Class Osteichthyes
iv. Class Amphibia
v. Class Reptilia
vi. Class Aves
vii. Class Mammalia
4. Dissection of fish
Exercise 28 Skeletomuscular system
A. Skeletal system
1. Human skeleton
-Know all bones indicated in lab
2. Structure of a long bone
a) Diaphysis
b) Epiphysis
c) Metaphysis
d) Medullary cavity
e) Articular cartilage
f) Periosteum
g) Condyles
h) Fossa
3. Axial vs. Appendicular skeleton
4. Compact bone (xs)
a) Haversian canals
b) Osteocytes
c) Matrix of calcium salts
d) Lamellae
4. Head of femur (xs)
a) Spongy bone with trabeculae
b) Epiphyseal disc
c) Compact bone
5. Hyaline cartilage
a) Chondrocytes
b) Collagen matrix
B. Other tissues
1. Tendon
a) Collagen fibers
b) Fibroblasts
2. Finger tip
a) Stratified squamous epith.
b) Stratum corneum
c) Stratum basale
d) Dermis
e) Pacinian corpuscle
C. Muscular System
1. Terms:
a) Antagonistic prs.
b) Extensors vs. Flexors
c) Origin vs. Insertion
2. Skeletal or Cardiac muscle (xs)
a) Myofibrils
b) Multinuclear
c) Striated
3. Human arm:
a) biceps brachi
b) triceps brachi
c) deltoid
d) brachioradialis
4. Human torso:
a) Trapezius
b) External oblique
c) Rectus abdominis
d) Pectoralis major
e) Latissimus dorsi
f) Gluteus maximus
5. Human leg:
a) Sortorius
b) Semitendonosis
c) Biceps femoris
d) Rectus femoris
e) Tibialis anterior
f) Gastrocnemius
g) Achilles tendon
Exercise 29 Nervous and sensory Systems
A. Central Nervous System
1. Spinal cord
a) Vertebrae
a) Centrum
b) Neural spines
c) Neural canal
d) Foramen for nerves
b) Meninges
i. Dura mater
ii. Arachnoid
iii. Pia mater
b) Slide of spinal cord smear
c) Spinal cord (xs)
i. White matter
ii. Gray matter
iii. Central canal
2. Brain
a) Sulci vs. Gyri
b) Cerebellum
c) Longitudinal fissure
d) cerebral hemispheres
e) olfactory bulbs
f) Optic chiasma
g) Medulla
h) Pons
i) Corpus callosum
j) Arbor vitae of cerebellum
k) Cerebral cortex
B. Sensory System
1. Hearing
a) Auditory canal
b) Middle ear
c) Tympanic membrane
d) Ossicles
e) Cochlea
f) Organ of Corti in Cochlea
i. hair cells
ii. Cochlear canal
iii. Tectorial membrane
2. Vision
a) Eye modelidentify parts mentioned in class
b) Demonstration of myopia and hyperopia
c) Visual accomodation tests
d) Opthalmoscope
e) Visual acuity test
-What does 20/20 mean?
f) Blind spot test
3. Taste
-Papillae with taste buds
-Taste receptors
Exercise 25
Digestion and Gas Exchange
A. Know anatomical terms on p. 363
B. Identify on external pig:
1. mammary glands
2. umbilical cord
3. penis or urogenital opening
4. anus
A. Digestion
1. Know assoc. structures on pig
2. Amphiuma small intestine (xs)
a) Lumen
b) Villi with goblet cells and epithelial cells
c) Circular and longitudinal muscle
d) Submucosa
B. Respiration
1. Lung structures
a) Pharynx
b) Trachea
c) Bronchi
d) Bronchioles
e) Alveoli
2. Dessicated sheep lung
3. Normal and diseased lungs
-slides
4.Wet spirometer
a) Tidal volume
b) Inspiratory reserve volume
c) Expiratory reserve volume
d) Vital capacity
5. Trout gills (xs)
6. Know assoc. structures on pig
Exercise 26 Circulatory System
1. Dissection of fetal pig vessels
a) Carotids
b) External jugulars
c) Umbilical arteries
d) Umbilical veins
e) Sup. & Inf. Vena cava
f) Aorta
2. Heart structures
a) Pulmonary trunk
b) Pulmon. Veins
c) Aortic arch
d) Coronary arteries and veins
e) AV valves
f) Aortic and Pulmonary valves
4. Arteries vs. veins (xs)
5. Human blood cells (slide)
a) Neutrophil
b) Lymphocyte
c0 Monocyte
6. Pulse
7. Blood pressure
a) Systolic/diastolic
b) mm Hg
8. Fetal circulation
Exercise 27 Excretory and Reproductive systems
A. Excretory
1. Dissection in pig
2. Renal Cortex (xs)
Kidney model
a) Cortex
b) Medulla with pyramids
c) Renal pelvis
4. Ureters
5. Bladder
6. Urethra
B. Reproductive
1. Models of human reproductive organs
2. Pig dissection:
a) Uterine horn
b) Ovaries
c) Vagina
c) Testes in cremasteric pouch
d) Epididymis
3. Testis (xs)
a) seminiferous tubules
b) Spermatocytes
c) Spermatids
4. Ovary (xs)
a) Graafian follicle
b) Ovum
c) Degenerating follicle
Exercise 12 Development
A.Terms:
1. Gametogenesis
2. Fertilization
3. Cleavage
4. Gastrulation
5. Organogenesis
6. Differentiation
7. Morphogenesis
8. Cleidoic egg
9. Placenta
B. Starfish development
1. Unfertilized egg
2. Fertilized egg
3. Cleavage
4. Morula
Blastula
6. Gastrula:
a) Archenteron
b) Ectoderm
c) Mesoderm
d) Endoderm
C. Chick development
1. 33hr. chick
a) optic vesicles
b) Notochord
c) Neural tube
d) Somites
e) Forebrain
f) Midbrain
g) Hindbrain
2. 72 hr.
a) brain
b) eye
c) auditory vesicle
d) Heart
e) Somites
f) Limb bud
g) Tail bud
