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BIOL
413: PARASITOLOGY Dr.
Stan Eisen, |
Yellow eyes, abdominal pain & fever:
From:
http://boards.medscape.com/forums?128@@.2a0f4e0b!comment=1
Analyze
This: Image of the Week
Yellow Eyes, Abdominal Pain, and
Fever
Rick Kulkarni, MD, Emergency
Medicine, 03:03PM Nov 23, 2011
Rick G. Kulkarni, MD, Vice President/Medical Director, WebMD
|
A 30-year-old man presents to the emergency department (ED) with fever, yellow eyes, and abdominal pain. The patient developed the fever, as well as chills and myalgia, approximately 5 days before presentation. He treated himself with antibiotics that he "had laying around the house," but there was no improvement in his condition. His fever remained high (up to 104°F [40°C]), and he later developed upper abdominal pain and decreased urine output. He denies having any diarrhea, vomiting, or respiratory symptoms. He reports no blood in his stool or urine. He has no significant medical or surgical history. He has no known allergies and is not currently taking medication. For the past year, the patient has been travelling between the United States and Equatorial Guinea. In fact, the patient recently returned from a 2-month trip to Equatorial Guinea last week. He denies smoking tobacco, consuming alcohol, or using illicit drugs. On physical examination, he is ill-appearing but in no acute distress. His oral temperature is 103.6°F (39.8°C). His pulse is regular at a rate of 90 bpm, and he is mildly hypotensive, with a blood pressure of 85/45 mm Hg. His respiratory rate is rapid but unlabored at 28 breaths/min. Icteric sclerae are noted. His breath sounds are clear to auscultation. His S1 and S2 heart sounds are normal and there are no detectable murmurs. His abdomen is soft and normal active bowel sounds are heard. The liver is enlarged approximately 4 cm below the right costal margin and mildly tender. His spleen is not palpable. He is noted to have scattered petechiae on all extremities. A complete blood cell count (CBC) shows a hemoglobin of 11 g/dL (110 g/L); a white blood cell (WBC) count of 5.9 × 103/μL (5.9 × 109/L), with 90% neutrophils, 2% lymphocytes, and 7% bands; and a platelet count of 9.0 × 103/μL (9.0 × 109/L). His blood chemistry reveals a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 43 mg/dL (15.35 mmol/L), a creatinine of 2.3 mg/dL (203.32 µmol/L), a total bilirubin of 8.2 mg/dL (140.22 µmol/L), an indirect bilirubin of 3.7 mg/dL (63.27 µmol/L), a direct bilirubin of 4.5 mg/dL (76.95 µmol/L), an alkaline phosphatase of 219 Units/L, an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 219 Units/L, and an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 225 Units/L. The hepatitis A IgG examination is positive, with a negative IgM. Both hepatitis B and C serologies are negative. Blood cultures are negative. A chest radiograph shows no abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasonography shows sludge in the gall bladder, with a fatty liver, but no space-occupying lesions, gallbladder wall thickening, or pericholecystic fluid are seen. A Giemsa-stained blood smear is obtained at the time of admission (see above; the blood smear is shown at 500× magnification). What is the diagnosis? How would you approach this patient's treatment? Our thanks are extended to Ekachai Singhatiraj, MD; Saowanee Ngamruengphong, MD; Kenneth M. Nugent, MD; and Panupong Larppanichpoonphol, MD, for providing the details of this case. Check back with us in about 2 weeks when we'll post the diagnosis and follow-up for this patient. |
Importance of hand-washing:
http://www.cdc.gov/features/handwashing/
Dr. Ignaz Semelweis and the establishment of hand-washing as a means of preventing disease:
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blantisceptics.htm
September 10, 2009, 12:01 AM
A Hospital
Hand-Washing Project to Save Lives and Money
By KEVIN SACKDetails about the
lecture
Details about the lab
Supplemental reading list
Lecture schedule
Lab schedule
Dr. Stan Eisen
Office S203B
Tel. Ext.: 3447
e-mail: seisen@cbu.edu
Office Hours: T:
1 p.m. - 5 p.m.
W: 1 p.m. – 5 p.m.
Th: 9:30 a.m. to 12
noon
F:
1 p.m. - 2 p.m.
·
For both lecture
and lab, you will need the following:
Schmidt, G., & Roberts, L.
.Foundations of Parasitology, edition 8.
Zimmer, C. 2003.
Parasite Rex. Arrow Books Ltd; New Ed edition (September 4, 2003), ISBN-10:
0099457997, ISBN-13: 978-0099457992
Eisen, S. (2011).
Parasites On Parade. Available from campus bookstore.
Some useful
resources:
NYU Virtual Microscope BETA 5 : Parasitology
http://cloud.med.nyu.edu/virtualmicroscope/program/2
The home page for the website is here:
http://cloud.med.nyu.edu/virtualmicroscope/
Enhanced virtual microscopy
for collaborative education
BMC Medical Education 2011, 11:4
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6920-11-4.pdf
Drisdelle, Rosemary (2010). Parasites: Tales of Humanity’s Most Unwelcome Guests.
In this course, we will be concentrating on
the biology of those parasitic organisms which are of medical or veterinary
importance. The emphasis of the course will be on natural history, so you will
be responsible for the following information pertaining to each parasitic
organism covered in class: 1)Binomial nomenclature; 2)Phylogenetic
relationship; 3)Life cycle; 4) Preferred definitive host(s); 5)Intermediate
and/or vector host(s); 6)Geographical locations where the parasite is found and
is endemic; 7)Organs affected; 8)Symptoms associated with infection; and
9)Drugs used in treatment.
DETAILS ABOUT THE LECTURE
Your lecture grade will be based on the
following:
1.
FOUR
MIDSEMESTER EXAMS: Each of these
exams will consist of essay and identification/practical questions. Each of
these exams will be comprehensive and count 1/7 towards your final grade;
2. A presentation on an assigned chapter from Parasite
Rex, OR, if you are an alum(na) of Dr. Joy Layton’s
Entomology class, on an order of parasitic insects: The class
will be divided into groups, and each group will be responsible for giving a
presentation on the major points presented in their assigned chapters. Each group is responsible for submitting an
outline of their presentation AND 5 multiple-choice questions (with answers) at
least 24 hours in advance of their presentation. This presentation, and accompanying outline
and questions, will count 1/7 towards your final grade;
Each group MUST:
1)
Make
an appointment to meet with me some time in the week prior to their
presentation so that we can review the presentation (and PowerPoint file);
2)
Prepare
review notes of their presentation and send them to me as .doc or .docx files at least 24 hours in advance so that I can
forward them to the rest of the students;
3)
Prepare
5 multiple-choice questions, with the answers CLEARLY indicated, and send them
to me as a .doc or .docx file at least 24 hours in
advance so that I can forward them to the rest of the students
4)
Give
a 15-30 minute presentation on their topic
5)
The
grading rubric for the presentation, based on a 4-point scale is fairly simple:
|
If you: |
Then you’ll get: |
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Meet with me to discuss your presentation, and it sounds intelligent |
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Submit the review notes at least 24 hours in advance |
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Submit 5 multiple-choice questions, WITH ANSWERS INDICATED at least 24 hours in advance |
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Show up on your appointed day, awake, lucid & sober |
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Not only do you show up on your appointed day, awake, lucid & sober, your presentation is considered interesting and comprehensible by your peers in the class. |
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TOTAL |
4
points
(i.e., the MAX) |
List of Presenters
|
Date of Presentation |
Topic |
List of presenters |
|
W Sept. 7 |
Mallophaga and Anoplura |
·
Fong, Joe ·
Kim, David |
|
W Sept. 7 |
Hemiptera; 37 (214-216) |
·
Haughey, Corey ·
Edwards, Justin |
|
W Sept. 7 |
Siphonoptera; 38 (219-231) |
·
Drake, Michael ·
Long, Staci |
|
F Sept. 9 |
Parasite Rex: (1)Nature’s Criminals |
·
Banks, Robert ·
Soliman, Indiana |
|
F Sept. 9 |
Parasite Rex: (2)Terra Incognita |
·
Fitzgerald, Amanda ·
Ford, Anthony |
|
W Sept. 14 |
Diptera: Family Culicidae (Mosquitos) |
·
Holmes, Timonesha ·
Jackson, Shanandria ·
Montgomery, Katrina |
|
F Sept. 16 |
Diptera: Other flies |
·
Bahniuk, Christian ·
Dunn, Jessica ·
Chillis, Porsha |
|
M Sept 19 |
Hymenoptera |
·
Ebony Talbert ·
Amy Trimm |
|
M Oct 10 |
Parasite Rex: (3)The Thirty Year’s War |
·
Anderson, Larry ·
Gluszek, Catherine ·
Hill, Sarah |
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M Oct 10 |
Parasite Rex: (4)A Precise Horror |
·
Frymark, Allyson ·
Williams, Angela ·
Bownes, Samantha |
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W Nov 9 |
Parasite Rex: (5)The Great Step Inward |
·
Parag, Bhavyata ·
Selvo, Nick |
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W Nov 9 |
Parasite Rex: (6)Evolution from Within |
·
Clausel, Cheryl ·
Fernando, Christini |
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M Nov 28 |
Parasite Rex: (7)The Two-Legged Host |
·
Jeu, Kelly ·
Renfro, Adrienne |
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M Nov 28 |
Parasite Rex: (8)How to Live in a Parasitic World |
·
Johnson, Austin ·
Kennon, Elizabeth |
3. Joyful, enthusiastic participation in the Eco-Trek
program of the Memphis Botanic Garden, as described below: Since I brought
my Limnology students to the Memphis Botanic Garden last Spring,
I have become the contact person for them.
They are looking for college students familiar with biology to volunteer
as the instructors for this program, where the children will be escorted by
their teachers to 3 or 4 stations, including meadow, forest, and pond
ecosystems, and it is YOUR job to talk about 20-25 minutes about the wonderful
things they will find at that ecosystem.
Participants are expected to attend one orientation session, so that
everyone knows what will be covered at each station. On your appointed day(s) during that week,
you are expected to show up at 9:30 a.m. and stay until 12:30 p.m. Participation in this Eco-Trek program will
count 1/7 towards your final grade, AND it will give you an idea of the target
audience for the final project.
If you absolutely, positively
CANNOT participate on ANY DAY, then you can make this up by writing a report on
our excursion to the Gulf Coast Research Lab, scheduled for the weekend of Nov.
3-6.
4. Joyful, enthusiastic participation in a final project
– writing a book for 8 to 12 year-olds, with a running title of “Parasites that
cause abdominal pain and diarrhea that you just may pick up in your school
cafeteria: Rather than taking a boring exam during
finals week and requiring ME to read through the drivel you write for your
answers, I would rather work together in writing a book for e-publication on
intestinal parasites that cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. The target audience would be identical to
that of Sylvia Branzei’s Animal Grossology:
The Science of Creatures Gross and Disgusting [Paperback],
http://www.amazon.com/Animal-Grossology-Science-Creatures-Disgusting/dp/0843110112/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1313954120&sr=1-1
. It should include pictures of the
parasite (trophozoite and cyst for protozoa, worm
& ova for helminthes) plus a short text as to how the parasite is acquired,
and its symptoms. We will then submit
our manuscript to Amazon CreateSpace, http://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=15015781
, or some suitable self-publishing venue.
You will be learning techniques which are
pertinent to the study of parasitology. These include
and will not be limited to the following:
1. Preparation of permanent slides of stained helminths;
2. Preparation of wet mount of fecal smears;
3. Removal of parasitic organisms from dissected host
animals;
4. Concentration of ova by fecal flotation;
5. Preparation of a smear of parasitic protozoa from
earthworms.
These techniques will, in turn, be integrated
into 4 experiments, 3 of which you will write up as lab reports.
1. Incidence of digenean
parasites among marsh snails in the Gulf Coast area. In order to conduct this experiment,
participation in the annual trip to the Gulf Coast Research Lab, scheduled for
Thursday, November 3 through Sunday, November 6 is optional, but if you choose
NOT to participate, you’ll be missing a lot;
2. Survey of parasites collected from freshwater fish
collected locally;
3. Conditions required for the excystation
of Posthodiplostomum minimum metacercariae;
4. Life history and control of mosquitos.
Each of these lab reports can be written
either individually or by groups consisting of up to 4 students. All students who submit the same lab report
will get the same grade.
Generally, you will NOT be exposed to human
pathogens. Nonetheless, you will be required to follow rigorous safety
procedures.
Your final grade will be based on the
following:
1. Weekly quizzes of short answer and identification
questions, covering the previous lab’s specimens. Collectively, these quizzes will count 1/6
towards your final grade;
2. Two typewritten (word processed) laboratory reports
from the experiments described above. The papers are to be written in the same
format for articles appearing in the Transactions of the Tennessee Academy of
Science and will be due two weeks after the completion of data collection.
Grading of the laboratory reports will be on the basis of spelling, grammar,
clarity, and content. Each lab report will count 1/6 towards your final grade;
3. A report on the movie Contagion. This report will
count 1/6 towards your final grade.
4. A midterm exam consisting of short answer and
identification questions. This exam will count 1/6 towards your final
grade;
5. A final exam consisting of short answer and
identification questions. This final exam will count 1/6 towards your
final grade.
Some of the experiments will require more
time than a single four-hour block of time allows. You will be expected to
collaborate in order to complete the work. Furthermore, participation in all
fishing and field trips is mandatory.
Some
details of the field trip to the Gulf Coast Research Lab
During the Fall
semester, CBU schedules a weekend trip to the Gulf Coast Research Lab in Ocean
Springs, MS, to give students a “taste” of marine biology. This trip is considered a mandatory part of
the course, and will involve everyone participating in a collecting trip in Biloxi
Bay, which opens to the Gulf of Mexico, and conducting an experiment on the
incidence of digenean parasites among marsh snails
found in the area. The trip is heavily
subsidized by Biology Department funds, so that the major expenses that are the
students’ responsibility are fuel and food.
For more information about the GCRL, go to http://www.usm.edu/gcrl/ .
We will be staying in the dormitory
facilities of the Gulf Coast Research Lab.
Each suite consists of 3 bedrooms, each of which has a capacity of 2
people, and a bathroom. Each bedroom has
2 beds, 2 desks, and 2 chairs. To keep
costs down, you are asked to bring your own linens and pillows.
The grading scale for the lecture and the lab
will be the following:
A = 3.5 - 4.0
B = 2.75 - 3.49
C = 2.00 - 2.74
D = 1.00 - 1.99
F = <1
By the way, regarding laboratory reports:
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“Brevity is the soul of
wit.” |
CLASS ATTENDANCE POLICY
Every student is expected to attend classroom
and laboratory periods regularly. A student who has been absent, even for a legitimate
cause, is under obligation to make up the work. Any student who has missed a
total of eight hours of class may be dropped from the course, with a mark of
"F", at the discretion of the teacher.
Biol
413: Parasitology
Lecture
Fall 2011
Lecture Schedule
|
Date |
Day |
Lecture Topic |
Textbook Chapter(s) |
Parasites on Parade Pages |
|
8/22 |
M |
The magnitude of the problem: Parasite Video |
1-2 |
1-18 |
|
8/24 |
W |
Parasite Video, cont’d |
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8/26 |
F |
Introduction: · Types of interspecific interactions · Adaptations to a parasitic existence · Candidates for parasitic infections · Six essential aspects of parasite life cycles Life cycle of Babesia microti |
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|
8/29 |
M |
A discussion of the Eco-Trek
program at the Memphis Botanic Garden during the first week of October. An introduction to the immune system: Basic Principles in Immunology & Pathology Oddly enough, infection with parasitic worms may reduce the risk of asthma: |
3 |
|
|
8/31 |
W |
Phylum Arthropoda: Form, Function and
Classification |
33
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198-240 |
|
9/2 |
F |
Class Insecta Insect life cycles Insect development |
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9/5 |
M |
Labor Day – No Class |
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9/7 |
W |
Mallophaga & Anoplura Hemiptera: True bugs Siphonoptera: The fleas |
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9/9 |
F |
Presentations on Chapters 1 and 2
of Parasite Rex What’s causing that itch? (A slideshow from Medscape): |
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9/12 |
M |
LECTURE EXAM I – will include Chapters 1 and 2 from Parasite Rex. |
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|
9/14 |
W |
Diptera: Family Culicinae (Mosquitos) |
38 |
204-210 |
|
9/16 |
F |
Diptera: Other flies |
39 |
211-213, 217-218 |
|
9/19 |
M |
· Infected caterpillar becomes a “nursery” for parasitic wasps: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs&feature=related · The wasp Ampulex compressa is a parasitoid, whose females inject venom to lay an egg into the cockroach Periplaneta americana -- “Zombie” cockroach -- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzGCSk1Zpoo · Jewel wasp paralyzing a cockroach, laying its egg, and barricading it in a laboratory setting: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qN2XMyxAs5o ·
Cicada-killer trying to subdue a cicada:
|
40 |
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9/21 |
W |
Parasitic Arachnids: Ticks and Mites ·
Ixodes spp. |
41 |
233-237; 238-240 |
|
9/23 |
F |
Basic Principles of Epidemiology Parasitic Protistans: Form, Function and
Classification Order Kinetoplastida: The trypanosomes http://www.medicalecology.org/diseases/d_african_trypano.htm · African trypanosomiasis: Trypanosoma rhodesiense, T. gambiense, T. brucei · American trypanosomiasis: Trypanosoma cruzi |
4 5 |
118-119 41-58 |
|
9/25 |
M |
Order Kinetoplastida: The leishmanias |
5 |
41-58 |
|
9/28 |
W |
Other Flagellates Practice Lab Midterm Exam: |
6 |
19,36-40 |
|
9/30 |
F |
Rosh Hashanah – No class |
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10/3 |
M |
Subphylum Sarcodina: The Amebas |
7 |
19-28 |
|
10/5 |
W |
http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/BIOL413LcEx02IDAnswerKeyFa2005_files/frame.htm
Phylum Apicomplexa: Gregarines, Coccidia, and Related organisms: |
8 |
30-35, 99-105 |
|
10/7 |
F |
Phylum Apicomplexa: Malaria Organisms and Piroplasms (Plasmodium spp.) http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/Malaria.htm A description of sickle cell anemia:
etiology, pathology, treatment Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliated Protistan Parasites (Ichthyophthirus multifiliis, Balantidium coli) Phyla Myxozoa and Microspora: Protozoa with Polar Filaments |
9
11 |
59-98 106 |
|
10/10 |
M |
Lab Midterm Exam for both labs
given during lecture time |
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10/12 |
W |
LECTURE EXAM II |
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10/14 |
F |
Sukkot – No class |
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10/17-10/23 |
M-Su |
FALL BREAK |
|
|
|
10/24 |
M |
Presentations on Chapters 3 and 4 from Parasite Rex. |
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10/26 |
W |
Introduction to the Phylum Platyhelminthes Aspidobothrea Trematoda: Form, Function, and Classification of Digeneans Digeneans: Strigeiformes (The schistosomes) Granuloma Formation by Schistosoma |
13 14 15 16 |
107-108 117-124 |
|
10/28 |
F |
Digeneans: · Fasciola hepatica: http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/FasciolaHepatica.htm · Fasciolopsis buski: http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/FasciolopsisBuski.htm · Paragonimus westermani: http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/ParagonimusWestermani.htm · Clonorchis sinensis: http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/ClonorchisSinensis.htm |
17 |
111-114; 109-110, 115-116 |
|
10/31 |
M |
Presentations on Chapters 5 and 6
from Parasite Rex. Parasitism as a driving force for
sex, or, The Red Queen Hypothesis: http://www.indiana.edu/~curtweb/Research/sex&recomb.html
Curtis Lively’s
home page: http://www.indiana.edu/~curtweb/ Endosymbiosis: http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k2endosymb.html |
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11/2 |
W |
Cestoidea: Form, Function, and Classification of the Tapeworms: |
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11/4 |
F |
Trip to
Gulf Coast Research Lab ·
Trawling Biloxi Bay for Benthic organisms and
running a plankton net to sample plankton ·
Tour of the lab ·
***NEW!!!***:
Taking a boat tour of the lower Pascagoula River; ·
Plant sampling along marsh near GCRL |
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11/7 |
M |
Analysis of data from Gulf Coast Research Lab · Salinity from Pascagoula River and Biloxi Bay · Plankton samples · Trawling samples from Biloxi Bay |
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11/9 |
Tapeworms: Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia solium, Taeniarhynchus saginata |
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11/11 |
Lecture Exam III – will include Chapters 3 through 6 from Parasite Rex. |
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11/14 |
Tapeworms, continued: Echinococcus granulosus;
Hymenolepis
diminuta;
Vampirolepis nana; Dipylidium caninum. |
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11/16 |
Phylum Nematoda: http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/Nematoda_files/frame.htm Nematoda: Trichurida and Dioctophymatida (Trichuris |
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Nematoda: Rhabditida, Pioneering Parasites |
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Nematodes: Ascaridida, Intestinal Roundworms · Ascaris lumbricoides: http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/AscarisLumbricoides.htm Nematoda: Oxyurida, the Pinworms Enterobius
vermicularis:
http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/EnterobiusVermicularis.htm
|
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Nematoda: Spirurida, a Potpourri Nematodes: (Filaroidea), including Wuchereria, Onchocerca and Dirofilaria ·
Wuchereria
bancrofti:
http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/WuchereriaBancroft.htm
·
Onchocerca
volvulus:
http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/OnchocercaVolvulus.htm · Dirofilaria immitis: http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/DirofilariaImmitis.htm http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/mammaryeleph.jpg Maybe you shouldn’t go here either: http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/eleph.fijiEN.gif Biology as art, or maybe it’s art as biology: http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/doorknocker.jpg Nematodes, the Guinea Worms & Others · Dracunculus medinensis: http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/DracunculusMedinensis.htm |